BACKGROUND A widely held view in maternity services in rural Australia is they require 24-h on-site surgical and anaesthetic capability to be considered safe. This study aimed to provide a detailed description of three years of activity (2009-2011) of a rural maternity unit approximately 1h from the nearest surgical service. We describe the reasons for transfer to and from the unit, transfer ti...

Undulators serve as the primary source of radiation for modern storage rings, and more recently for the advent of Free-Electron Lasers (FELs). The performance of future FELs can be greatly enhanced using the much higher magnetic fields of superconducting undulators (SCU) [1]. For example, the LCLS-II hard x-ray undulator can be shortened by up to 70 m using an SCU in place of a PMU (permanent m...

Ideal hardware performance counters provide exact deterministic results. Real-world performance monitoring unit (PMU) implementations do not always live up to this ideal. Events that should be exact and deterministic (such as retired instructions) show run-to-run variation and overcount on x86 64 machines, even when run in strictly controlled environments. These effects are non-intuitive to cas...

Event detection and analytic calculations in both Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) and in distribution systems including Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) based microgrid control systems often use the independent components of the phasors (e.g. frequency or Voltage) rather than the vector representation of a phasor. This paper introduces the use of the discrete time complex Fourier Transform ba...

This paper introduces the efficient application of Virtual Reality (VR) technologies in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry, where conventional plastic models are mainly used, which is called Physical Mock Up (PMU). An idea of Virtual Model (VM) is introduced in the paper. The VM consists of digital models added by digital information about the project, such as CAD dra...

A self-sustained multi-sensor platform for indoor environmental monitoring is proposed in this paper. To reduce the cost and power consumption of the sensing platform, in the developed platform, organic materials of PEDOT:PSS and PEDOT:PSS/EB-PANI are used as the sensing films for humidity and CO₂ detection, respectively. Different from traditional gas sensors, these organic sensing films can o...

This article presents a study on real-time testing of synchrophasor-based “wide-area monitoring system’s applications (WAMS application).” Considering the growing demand monitoring, protection, and control (WAMPAC)” applications, systematic methodology is formulated delineated in diagrams. The diagrams propose several stages through which an application needs to be assessed (sequentially) for i...

Frequency estimation is a crucial signal processing technique in Phasor Measurement Units (PMU). In this report, we propose a new algorithm for frequency estimation by interpolation of zero-padded discrete Fourier transform (DFT) samples. The bias performance of the proposed estimator is analyzed and an iterative algorithm is further proposed to reduce the bias to an arbitrarily small level. Si...

This paper introduces the uses of Robust Dynamic State Estimation (RDSE) with Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), The M-Estimators Quadratic Linear (QL) and Square Root (SR) Estimators have been used. For the solution of the M-estimators problem, Iteratively Re-weighted Least Squares Estimation (IRLS) method is applied. In this work, we used the Decoupled Current Measurement (DCM) method to include ...

Ferroresonance is a complex non-linear electrical phenomenon that can make thermal and dielectric problems to the electric power equipment. Ferroresonance causes overcurrents and overvoltages which is dangerous for electrical equipment. In this paper, ferroresonance investigation will be carried out for the 33kV/110V VT at PMU Kota Kemuning, Malaysia using ATP-EMTP simulation. Different precond...