Ascochyta koolunga (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales) was first described in 2009 (as Phoma ) and identified as the causal agent of blight Pisum sativum (field pea) South Australia. Since then A. has not been reported anywhere else world, its origins occurrence on other legume (Fabaceae) species remains unknown. Blight leaf spot diseases Australian native, pasture naturalised legumes were studied to...

Biological particles suspended in the atmosphere have a crucial role dynamics of biosphere underneath. Although much attention is paid for chemical and physical properties these particles, their biological taxonomic identity, which relevant ecological research, remains little studied. We took air samples at 300 meters above forest central Amazonia, seven periods 7 days, used high-throughput DNA...

Like other building materials, ceramic roof tiles are biodeteriorated over time. Natural conditions affect deterioration processes, but the development of a biofilm composed many types microorganisms also plays critical role in biodeterioration. However, pioneering stages formation remain poorly studied, whereas they determine well-characterized mature biofilms. To further characterize this mic...

The community of endophytic fungi associated with Acer ginnala, a common tree in northeastern China, was investigated. Four media, PDA, Czapek's, WA and Sabouraud's, were used to inoculate explants from seeds, annual twigs and perennial twigs (xylem and bark). Media strongly affected the isolated species number, but not colonization frequency (CF) or isolation frequency (IF). To investigate med...

In an effort to establish a suitable alternative to the widely used 18S rRNA system for molecular systematics of fungi, we examined the nuclear gene RPB2, encoding the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Because RPB2 is a single-copy gene of large size with a modest rate of evolutionary change, it provides good phylogenetic resolution of Ascomycota. While the RPB2 and 18S rDNA phylogen...

We examined the effect of different soil sample sizes obtained from an agricultural field, under a single cropping system uniform in soil properties and aboveground crop responses, on bacterial and fungal community structure and microbial diversity indices. DNA extracted from soil sample sizes of 0.25, 1, 5, and 10 g using MoBIO kits and from 10 and 100 g sizes using a bead-beating method (SARD...

The fungal loop model of semiarid ecosystems integrates microtopographic structures and pulse dynamics with key microbial processes. However limited data exist about the composition and structure of fungal communities in these ecosystems. The goal of this study was to characterize diversity and structure of soil fungal communities in a semiarid grassland. The effect of long-term nitrogen fertil...

Portions of the mating type genes from Ophiosphaerella korrae (J. Walker & A.M. Smith) R.A. Shoemaker (= Leptosphaeria korrae J. Walker & A.M. Smith), a pathogenic fungus of grasses, were examined by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). For nine isolates of O. korrae from North America, both mating type genes were amplified, demonstrating that both MAT idiomorphs are detectable in this homothallic ...

In 2007 a new Stemphylium leaf spot disease of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) spread through the Netherlands. Attempts to identify this destructive Stemphylium sp. in sugar beet led to a phylogenetic revision of the genus. The name Stemphylium has been recommended for use over that of its sexual morph, Pleospora, which is polyphyletic. Stemphylium forms a well-defined monophyletic genus in the Pleo...