Continuous culture systems allow for the controlled growth of microorganisms over a long period time. Here, we develop novel test mutagenicity that involves growing yeast in continuous exposed to low levels mutagen approximately 20 days. In contrast, most microorganism-based tests expose potential biological reporter at high concentration short Our improves upon sensitivity well-established Ame...

Highly miniaturized P450 screening assays designed to enable facile analysis of P450 drug interactions in a 1536-well plate format with the principal human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP3A4, 2D6, 2C9, 2C19, and 1A2) and Vivid fluorogenic substrates were developed. The detailed characterization of the assays included stability, homogeneity, and reproducibility of the recombinant P450 enzymes and t...

The antibody microarrays have become widespread, but their use for quantitative analyses in clinical samples has not yet been established. We investigated an immunoassay based on nanoporous silicon antibody microarrays for quantification of total prostate-specific-antigen (PSA) in 80 clinical plasma samples, and provide quantitative data from a duplex microarray assay that simultaneously quanti...

The family of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) regulates fundamental cellular responses such as proliferation, apoptosis, motility, and adhesion. In particular, the PI3K isoform plays a critical role in the control of cell migration. Despite the attractiveness of PI3-kinases as drug targets, drug discovery efforts have been hampered by the lack of appropriate lipid kinase assay formats suitabl...

Many DNA binding proteins are known to regulate gene expression. When that binding is altered, a disease state can result. A common method for measuring DNA binding, namely electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is often used but it is not amenable to rapid screening of many samples. As an alternative method, we have developed a DNA binding assay for the tumor suppressor protein p53 in a 9...

Cell phones and smart phones can be reconfigured as biomedical sensor devices but this requires specialized add-ons. In this paper we present a simple cell phone-based portable bioassay platform, which can be used with fluorescent assays in solution. The system consists of a tablet, a polarizer, a smart phone (camera) and a box that provides dark readout conditions. The assay in a well plate is...

BACKGROUND Cell migration is a complex phenomenon that requires the coordination of numerous cellular processes. Investigation of cell migration and its underlying biology is of interest to basic scientists and those in search of therapeutics. Current migration assays for screening small molecules, siRNAs, or other perturbations are difficult to perform in parallel at the scale required to scre...

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), a secreted cytokine, plays an important role in inflammatory diseases and immune disorders, and is a potential target for drug development. The traditional assays for detecting TNF-α, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay, are not suitable for the large size compound screens. Both assays suffer from a complicated protocol, multiple plate...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a chronic infection that can be managed by antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, periods of suboptimal viral suppression during lifelong ART can select for HIV drug resistant (DR) variants. Transmission of drug resistant virus can lessen or abrogate ART efficacy. Therefore, testing of individuals for drug resistance prior to initiation of treatment is re...