There are several mechanisms that affect a gas when using discharge plasma to initiate combustion or to stabilize a flame. There are two thermal mechanisms-the homogeneous and inhomogeneous heating of the gas due to 'hot' atom thermalization and vibrational and electronic energy relaxation. The homogeneous heating causes the acceleration of the chemical reactions. The inhomogeneous heating gene...

A new record has been set for the acceleration of particles in a plasma wakefield — an energy gain of more than 2.7 GeV in a 10-cm-long device. Pushing the energy frontier is not easy. But plasmas, which are capable of generating large focusing and accelerating fields, might offer a solution. Beam−plasma and laser−plasma tests have shown promising results, and more recently beam-driven wakefiel...

This review cover our current understanding of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP), especially theoretical progress in (i) explaining the RHIC data by hydrodynamics, (ii) describing lattice data using electric-magnetic duality; (iii) understanding of gauge-string duality known as AdS/CFT and its application for “conformal” plasma. In view of interdisciplinary nature of the subject, we in...

Plasma technologies offer a wide spectrum of possible treatments of materials. In particular, in function of the peculiar physical characteristics of the plasma, produced by different ionisation systems, three types of processes on the materials can be activated: (1) Destruction of toxic/harmful materials; (2) Superficial modification of existing materials; (3) Creation of new materials. Therma...

Generation of 3and 4-dimensional graphics is discussed in the context of stellarator ballooning mode theory and the nonlinear dynamics of a 4-dimensional symplectic map (two coupled area-preserving maps). These provide case studies for informally reviewing the history of some commercially available visualization software for personal computers (Macintosh and Windows) developed by US small-to-me...

INTRODUCTION A plasma is a hot ionized gas and classification of this fourth state of matter can be initially done using the basic concept of temperature. A prime example is the Sun which exhibits a very hot plasma in its core with temperatures of about 1.5 × 107 K (a result of fusion reactions with a proton density of ∼1026 cm−3) and cooler surface temperatures of about 6000 K [1]: the Solar w...

1 Laboratory of Solid-State Quantum Electronics, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest R-077125, Romania 2 Solid-State Laser Laboratory, Laser Department, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest R-077125, Romania 3 University of Bucharest, Doctoral School of Physics, Romania Corresponding author: Nicolaie PAVEL, E-mail: nicolaie.pave...

Usually when sufficient heating power is injected, tokamak plasma will make an abrupt transition into a state with improved confinement, known as the high-confinement mode, or H-mode. Given the greatly enhanced fusion yield, H-mode is foreseen as the baseline scenario for the future plasma operation of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). Many research efforts have been ...

Interest of the research in terahertz (THz) wave has been strongly motivated by its wide applications fields physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. Developing efficient reliable THz source is uttermost priority these researches. Numerous attempts have made fulfilling generation. Greatly benefited from progress ultrafast pulses, laser-induced-plasma one auspicious tools to provide desirab...