We demonstrate an experiment which utilizes a Sagnac interferometer to measure a change in optical frequency of 129 ± 7 kHz/√Hz with only 2 mW of continuous-wave, single-mode input power. We describe the measurement of a weak value and show how even higher-frequency sensitivities may be obtained over a bandwidth of several nanometers. This technique has many possible applications, such as preci...

BACKGROUND In the Peruvian Coastal Desert, an archipelago of fog oases, locally called lomas, are centers of biodiversity and of past human activity. Fog interception by a tree canopy, dominated by the legume tree tara (Caesalpinia spinosa), enables the occurrence in the Atiquipa lomas (southern Peru) of an environmental island with a diverse flora and high productivity. Although this forest pr...

Lectures #9 and #10 studied the planted bisection (a.k.a. community detection) and planted clique models, where we posited specific parameterized input distributions (parameterized by edge densities p and q within and between clusters, or by planted the clique size k), in which a “clearly optimal” solution is planted in an otherwise random graph. The goal was to identify necessary and sufficien...

There is a risk that contaminants within wetland sediment can either be remobilized or reach the groundwater due to infiltration if the wetland is unlined. This research study assesses laboratory-based integrated constructed wetland (ICW) mesocosms operated in a temperatureand pressure-controlled environment. The wetland columns were filled with contaminated sub-soil collected from the first ce...

In many temperate terrestrial forest ecosystems, both natural human disturbances drive the reestablishment of forests. Succession in plant communities, in addition to reforestation following the creation of open sites through harvesting or natural disturbances, can affect forest faunal assemblages. Wild bees perform an important ecosystem function in human-altered and natural or seminatural eco...

We first introduce 20 weak forms of continuity, which are closely related to 5 known weak forms of continuity. Then we classify them into 9 groups and give 12 decompositions of continuity. 1. Introduction. Continuity is one of the most important concepts in mathematics. In order to find deep properties of continuity, many weak forms of continuity were introduced in the literature. For instance,...

In this work we define generalized weak structures which naturally generalize minimal structures, generalized topologies and weak structures recently proposed in the literature. Moreover, we study some properties of the interior, the closure and other concepts in this new context. Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 54A05, Secondary 54D10

This paper considers a supply chain where a manufacturer sells its product through a retailer. In such a market, a potential entrant can make a substitute product by imitating the incumbent's product and then sells it to the common market with one of three alternative entry modes: (i) selling through the incumbent's retailer, (ii) selling through another independent retailer, or (iii) selling d...

Herbaceous weed control (HWC) is prescribed for growing season control of vegetative competition in hardwood afforestation attempts on former agricultural areas. Without HWC, planted seedlings often exhibit poor growth and survival. While currently employed HWC methods are proven, there is a substantial void in research comparing HWC treatments spanning multiple years. A total of 4,320 bare-roo...