The continuous culture of tomato roots through 1600 passages and for more than 28 years by White (6) indicates the practicability of maintaining plant tissues for very long periods in vitro. This phenomena also supports the theory that under appropriate environmental conditions plant tissues can be maintained in living conditions for an indefinite time. Plant tissues other than roots such as to...

This chapter covers the advances in establishment and optimization of brassinoste‐ roids (BRs) in the alleviation of abiotic stresses such as water, salinity, temperature, and heavy metals in plant system, especially roots. Plant roots regulate their develop‐ mental and physiological processes in response to various internal and external stim‐ uli. Studies are in progress to improve plant root ...

Agricultural productivity and sustainability are continually challenged by emerging and indigenous pathogens. Currently, many pathogens can be combatted only with biocides or environmentally dangerous fumigants. Here, we report a rapid and pathogen-specific strategy to reduce infection by organisms that target plant roots. Combinatorially selected defense peptides, previously shown to effect pr...

The composition of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities in roots of rare Viola elatior and common V. mirabilis was investigated using PCR with primers specific for Glomus group A, followed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. Twelve AM fungal sequence types were identified, ten of them from both plant species. On average 3.8/7.5 sequence types were detected per 1 cm-...

Antibiotics are recognized and selected because of their inhibitory effects on the proliferation or activity of microorganisms. Only relatively recently have their effects on plant growth been studied, mostly in connection with the search for compounds which might be employed to suppress invading plant pathogens (l-5). In such cases the antibiotic should control the pathogen without adversely a...

Overexpression in transgenic plants of a B-type cyclin--thought to regulate cell-cycle progression to mitosis--causes structures such as roots to grow faster than normal, indicating that the rate of cell division may be a constraint on plant growth.

In most plants the concentration of sodium is much lower in the leaves than in the roots. In other species, however, there seems to be an equal distribution of this element between the shoots and the roots. The squash plant, Cucurbita ~, used in the present study is an example of the type of plant that in respect to the roots maintains a relatively low sodium concentration in its leaves. When t...

agrobacterium rhizogenes (pri), a causative agent of hairy root disease, effectively induces hairy root formation in a variety of plant species. in our study four bacterial strains ar15834, a4, 9435 and c318 and three explants types leaf, stems and roots, were examined. hairy roots were induced from roots, stems and leaf explants. the highest transformation efficiency of 77% was achieved by usi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Cereals have two root systems. The primary system originates from the embryo when the seed germinates and can support the plant until it produces grain. The nodal system can emerge from stem nodes throughout the plant's life; its value for yield is unclear and depends on the environment. The aim of this study was to test the role of nodal roots of sorghum and millet in plant...

In recent years, three different enzymatic pathways and a few non-enzymatic reactions have been proposed for the generation of NO in plant roots. Two of the enzymatic pathways are located in the cytosol of the plant cells, whereas the third is exclusively located in the root plasma membrane facing the apoplast from where it seems to interact with nitrate metabolism by producing signals. A respo...