We show that firms with chief executive officers (CEOs) who gain general managerial skills over their lifetime work experience invest more in R&D and produce more patents. We address the potential endogenous CEO-firm matching bias using firmand CEOfixed effects and variation in the enforceability of non-compete agreements across states and over time during the CEO’s career. Our findings suggest...

abstract in order to study the effect of density and time of nitrogen application on morphological, phenological characteristics, yield and yield components of black cumin (nigella sativa l) a field experiment was conducted at chenaran in khorasan razavi province in 2005 growing season. three nitrogen fertilizer (urea) application times (1- control 2- at 4-6 leaves stage 3-preblooming 4-complet...

The Commission on Macroeconomics and Health (CMH) was established by World Health Organization Director-General Gro Harlem Brundtland in January 2000 to assess the place of health in global economic development. Although health is widely understood to be both a central goal and an important outcome of development, the importance of investing in health to promote economic development and poverty...

Economic prosperity, defined as a movement of people from the economic poor class to the economic middle or rich class of a society, in Africa has been achieved by a few countries. However, most countries, like Nigeria are left still chasing that elusive goal. Entrepreneurs, who spur economic growth in a society, are lacking in Nigeria. Steps taken by the Nigerian government to encourage entrep...

An innovative statistical methodology and generic expressions have been developed for the ratio of the dynamic mean excitation to the transmitted mean load under the influence of the important gear characteristics. Simple expressions have been established for identifying cases in which the dynamic mean excitation is more than, less than, or equal to the transmitted mean load. fDOI: 10.1115/1.18...

Sensegiving—shaping how people understand themselves, their work, and others engaged in that work—is critical to the work of organizational leadership. We propose the “cognitive shift,” a change inhowanorganizational audienceunderstands an important element of theorganization's work, as a desiredoutcomeof the sensegiving process. Organizations try to spur these shifts in two categories: about t...

— It is widely agreed that smallholder-led agricultural growth would contribute most to improved food security and reduced poverty. Yet, how to achieve broader and more sustainable access by smallholder farmers to productivity-enhancing inputs for food crop production remains a largely unsolved riddle. In light of the great institutional diversity across cotton sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa, th...

State and local policymakers throughout the country experience tremendous pressure from their constituents to create policy tools that spur job growth and reduce unemployment in their jurisdictions. One tool that has been viewed by policymakers as useful in stimulating job growth and reducing unemployment has been economic development incentives. Despite this view, there has been growing concer...

This paper deals with the use of ‘hot’ real-world cases for both testing and teaching purposes such as in the Introductory System Dynamics course at Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands. The paper starts with a brief overview of the System Dynamics curriculum. Then the problem-oriented teaching and testing approach is explained, followed by a presentation and discussion of several ...

Some empirical work on genetic and prenatal factors in suicidality is presented. These factors may represent enduring predispositions that comprise risk for initial as well as later suicidal behavior. The existence of enduring predispositions does not preclude the possibility, however, that initial suicidal behavior sets processes into motion that spur later suicidal behavior. Based on past con...