Mycorrhizal fungi play a critical role in nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. They improve plant growth and survival through a mutualistic relationship in which photosynthates are exchanged for increased access to water and nutrients. Because the benefits realized are not equal among different plant–fungal species combinations, mycorrhizal fungi may help govern plant community structure an...

Network modularity (community structure) is a wellstudied large-scale connectivity pattern in networks [1,2], with several detection algorithms described in the literature (for a review, see [2]). A comparative study of module assignment accuracy by the different algorithms using benchmark networks showed that algorithm performance varies according to network size and the level of intermodule m...

Phyllosphere microbial communities inhabit the aerial plant parts, such as leaves and flowers, where they form complex molecular interactions with host plant. Contrary to relatively well-studied rhizosphere microbiome, scientists are just starting understand, potentially utilize, phyllosphere microbiome. In this article, we summarize recent studies that have provided novel insights into mechani...