Caspian Sea with an average depth of 27m is the largest enclosed water body in the world. Despite its enormity and valuable biotic and economic resources, investigations on the biota and seawater properties are mosaic at best. In previous studies, the monitoring of the chlorophyll-a concentrations in the Southern Caspian Sea was organized based on satellite data sets however, vertical dis...

Using a coupled physical-biological model, we document that a 30 km wide meandering jet constitutes a major source of biological enrichment in the Alboran Sea (Western Mediterranean) even in the absence of wind forcing and tidal dynamics. The level of enrichment is shown to vary markedly during the year depending on the upstream characteristics of the jet as it exits from the Gibraltar Strait. ...

Abundant cyst distributions of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense (previous A. tamarense north American clade) were recently observed on the north Chukchi Sea shelf and on the eastern Bering Sea shelf, suggesting that A. fundyense is both highly adapted to the local environments in the high latitude areas and might cause toxin contamination of plankton feeders. However, little is kn...

the caspian sea as the biggest surrounded water body (lake) in the world is bordered by the states of azerbaijan, russia, iran, kazakhstan and turkmenistan. urban development in addition to the increase of industrial and oil production activities (oil refinery and petrochemical plants) in the northern and eastern regions of caspian sea in recent years have caused entrance of high amount of oily...

The Eocene-Oligocene transition (between ca. 34 and 33.5 Ma) is the most profound episode of lasting global change to have occurred since the end of the Cretaceous. Diverse geological evidence from around the world indicates cooling, ice growth, sea-level fall, and accelerated extinction at this time. Turnover in the oceanic plankton included the extinction of the foraminifer Family Hantkeninid...

Marine ecology deals with biological and chemical processes in interaction with their aquatic environment. The possibility of using more of the products of the sea as human food has created at present a keen interest in the study of marine plankton. It is of importance to understand the production of pbytoplankton and the predator-prey relationships between phytoand zooplankton, the path by whi...