In this paper we examine the effect of solvent on the optical extinction spectrum of periodic arrays of surfaceconfined silver nanoparticles fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL). By use of NSL, it is possible to systematically vary the out-of-plane height of the nanoparticles, and by thermal annealing, we can control the nanoparticle shape. We have studied four separate samples of nanopar...

In our previous experiments with linear strips of adhesive substrate, we found that elongated cultured fibroblasts preserve their length regardless of cell width and the number of cytoplasmic processes. This constancy of length was called 'length control'. In contrast to fibroblasts, single cultured epitheliocytes have nearly discoid shape on the plane substrata and have no length-controlling m...

Storm water management models using the kinematic wave (KW) approach require the conversion of a natural watershed to its equivalent rectangular cascading plane. A KW cascading plane is specified by the plane’s area, width and slope. Without on-site calibration, there is no guidance how to translate the irregularity of the natural watershed into a rectangular shape that has equivalent hydrologi...

slab method of analysis has been used for solving metal forming problems for a long time. however it has been restricted to plane strain and axisymmetric problems due to limitations in its formulations. in this paper a new formulation has been proposed so that it could be applied to three dimensional problems in metal forming. a parametric slab has been considered in this analysis and the force...