Cultural heritage monuments are, to a large extent, public goods of collective consumption, and their preservation is in the interest society as whole. The benefits arising from owner's investment resulting existence use cultural monument are usually not ``consumed'' solely by owner, but, greater or lesser whole particular group. In case renovation remediation buildings, life-cycle costs determ...

The unstable climate causes many related risks, including heavy rainfall. In the past, Egypt experienced rainfall over time. Although is still classified as a low-precipitation country, it can experience extreme events, resulting in flash floods. Many fragile materials to heritage building façades may be affected by change rates without any risk assessment plan. This research aims confront haza...

This research develops a shape grammar to generate solutions for the adaptive reuse of historic buildings. More precisely, it proposes transformation sobrado buildings, typology present in center São Luís, Brazil. The methodology defines workflow adapting once characterized single-families, into multi-family apartments considering spatial and structural requirements. specifies framework repurpo...

The urban renewal of deteriorated areas is a challenge for many city decision-makers. In this study, we aimed to understand the role and impact Israeli national outline plan, TAMA38, on by examining three strategies. This plan was developed strengthen individual buildings against earthquakes, but it also serves as catalyst residential in old neighborhoods, particularly high-demand districts. TA...

The “Moufang Condition” for spherical buildings was introduced by J. Tits in the appendix of [9], as a tool to give more structure to the classification of spherical buildings of rank at least three (which are automatically “Moufang”). More recently, also the spherical buildings of rank 2 satisfying the Moufang Condition are classified [13]. Hence one could say that, on the geometric level, sph...

Building code-related literature provides recommendations on normalizing approaches to the calculation of the dynamic properties of structures. Most building codes make a distinction among types of structural systems, construction material, and configuration through a numerical coefficient in the expression for the fundamental period. The period is then used in normalized response spectra to co...

After an earthquake, it is important to judge the safety of buildings and make efficient recovery plan. For that, necessary know quantitatively damage level limit buildings. An evaluation method residual seismic capacity described in Japanese Standard for Post-earthquake Damage Level Classification Buildings; however, does not consider difference deformation members such as walls frames (column...

cultural communications among nations consist of various subjects and architectural art styles are the most distinct and recognized subjects in this area of studding. the republic of dagestan in south of russian federation, not only from the past has cultural and historical relation with iran, but also ct located in the historical geography of cultural iran. this relationship was more due to th...

A reduced-degree-of-freedom (RDOF) model for seismic analysis of predominantly plan-symmetric reinforced concrete (RC) wall–frame buildings is introduced. The RDOF the building consists elastic beam–column elements with concentrated plasticity used simulating cantilever walls and RC frame that are represented by improved fish-bone (IFB) model. In this paper, capability demonstrated two building...