A low-noise high-speed InGaAs/InP-based single-photon detector was demonstrated with a double-self-differencing spike signal cancellation technique. A photon-number resolving method was used to analyze the ratio of avalanche signal to background noise. By adding a post-self-differencing circuit to the pre-self-differencing circuit, the signal to noise ratio was improved by 11.0 dB. The typical ...

An explicit time differencing technique is introduced to approximate nonlinear conservation laws. This differencing technique links together an arbitrary number of space regimes containing fine and coarse time increments. Previous stability requirements, i.e. the CFL condition, placed a global bound on the size of the time increments. For scalar, monotone, approximations in one space dimension,...

Empirical volatility studies have discovered nonstationary, long-memory dynamics in the volatility of the stock market and foreign exchange rates. This highly persistent, infinite variance—but still mean reverting—behavior is commonly found with nonparametric estimates of the fractional differencing parameter d, for financial volatility. In this paper, a fully parametric Bayesian estimator, rob...

In this experiment a system has been developed that uses threshold values to segment an image. An image is treated as a one dimensional array of pixel values. In this work, the segmentation is performed in YCbCr color space. In this experiment, the segmented image will have 2 different colors, which are black and white, and for this reason the segmentation is done using local thresholding value...

In nonlinear panel data models, the incidental parameter problem remains a challenge to econometricians. Available solutions are often based on ingenious, modelspecific methods. In this paper, we propose a systematic approach to construct moment restrictions on common parameters that are free from the individual fixed effects. This is done by an orthogonal projection that differences out the un...

A novel approach for the lossless compression of gray images is presented. A prediction process is performed followed by the mapping of prediction residuals. The prediction residuals are then split into bit–planes. Twodimensional (2D) differencing operation is applied to bitplanes prior to segmentation and classification. Performing an Exclusive-OR logic operation between neighboring pixels in ...

A probabilistic scheme is presented for simulating evolution of polycrystalline microstructures during deformation. Microstructure images are described using a compact descriptor called the nearest–neighbor conditional orientation correlation function, defined as the probability density of occurrence of a crystal orientation at one pixel distance from a known orientation. The neighborhood infor...

OBJECTIVES This study applied a simple method to evaluate the performance of three digital devices (two scanners and one digital camera) using the reproducibility of pixel values attributed to the same radiographic image. METHODS Using the same capture parameters, a radiographic image was repeatedly digitized in order to determine the variability of pixel values given to the image throughout ...