The switching-rate capability of mm-wave InGaAs PIN diodes of various sizes was evaluated for the first time by measuring their response times under various bias conditions. The dependencies of InGaAs PIN diode switching times are discussed, and the results are correlated with their DC characteristics. InGaAs PIN diodes demonstrated short switching times (fall time τF=250ps and rise time τR=130...

in order to reduce wear in gudgeon pin, bush and piston boss lubrication is done. oil used in national engine species was 10w40 with dynamic viscosity 5.5 mpa.s at 140 °c (the working temperature). in order to complete investigation the oil film hydrodynamics analysis in small end of connecting rod, a real full model engine with four cylinders has been simulated by avl excite5.1 software. in th...

babbitt is a white silvery alloy that composed of tin, lead, copper and antimony. this alloy is the most current bearing alloy in industrial applications. the characteristics of this alloy, such as high wearing resistance and low coefficient of friction, have converted it into a bearing cover. the target of this study is investigation on the effects of alloy elements on wearing and micro-struct...

BACKGROUND The physis is the weakest component of immature long bones, and physeal fractures constitute about 30% of fractures in growing dogs. Fractures of the proximal humeral physis typically have a Salter Harris type I or II configuration. These fractures require accurate reduction and adequate stabilization to allow for any potential continued longitudinal bone growth, in conjunction with ...

PURPOSE Radiographs are usually taken on day of pin removal for children treated with closed reduction and percutaneous pinning (CRPP) of type 2 supracondylar humerus fractures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether radiographs taken at time of pin removal for patients recovering uneventfully alter management. METHODS After IRB approval, billing records identified 1213 patients a...

In this paper, we study the class of pin-permutations, that is to say of permutations having a pin representation. This class has been recently introduced in [16], where it is used to find properties (algebraicity of the generating function, decidability of membership) of classes of permutations, depending on the simple permutations this class contains. We give a recursive characterization of t...

Auxin efflux carrier PIN-FORMED (PIN) proteins are thought to have central roles in regulating asymmetrical auxin translocation during tropic responses, including gravitropism and phototropism, in plants. Although PIN3 is known to be involved in phototropism in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), no severe defects of phototropism in any of the pin mutants have been reported. We show here that t...

The polarized transport of the phytohormone auxin [1], which is crucial for the regulation of different stages of plant development [2, 3], depends on the asymmetric plasma membrane distribution of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux carriers [4, 5]. The PIN polar localization results from clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) from the plasma membrane and subsequent polar recycling [6]. The Arabido...

Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) and pinoresinol (Pin) are normally produced by plant cells via the phenylpropanoid pathway. This study reveals the existence of a related pathway in Phomopsis sp. XP-8, a PDG-producing fungal strain isolated from the bark of the Tu-chung tree (Eucommiaulmoides Oliv.). After addition of 0.15 g/L glucose to Phomopsis sp. XP-8, PDG and Pin formed when phenylalanine, t...