Essential oils are generally produced to confer the protection of medicinal plants against several natural enemies. Variations chemical and physical environmental factors exert significant influences on plant development. They hence may affect quality quantity volatile organic metabolites interest and, therefore, economic applications essential oils. This research focused effects harvest region...

Purwoceng (Pimpinella pruatjan) is an Indonesian native plant but difficult to cultivate. Hydroponics can be used as a solution for purwoceng cultivation. Hydroponic types and nutrient concentrations affect purwoceng’s productivity. This study aimed determine total phenolic content (TPC) flavonoid (TFC), changes in steroid, antioxidant capacity due two hydroponic (nonrecirculating recirculating...