background and aims: virus infections represent some of the most important diseases of lily, plants because of the devastating effects caused to the crops and the absence of effective treatments. a survey for virus diseases of lilies, revealed the occurrence of cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) in plants growing in tehran province, iran. materials and methods: during 2013, 50 lily samples with virus-...

Group I introns are widespread in eukaryotic organelles and nuclear-encoded ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs). The green algae are particularly rich in rDNA group I introns. To better understand the origins and phylogenetic relationships of green algal nuclear-encoded small subunit rDNA group I introns, a secondary structure-based alignment was constructed with available intron sequences and 11 new subgro...

Important special cases of strand symmetric Markov models are the groupbased phylogenetic models including the Jukes-Cantor model and the Kimura 2 and 3 parameter models. The general strand symmetric model or in this chapter just the strand symmetric model (SSM) has only these eight equalities of probabilities in the transition matrices and no further restriction on the transition probabilities...

Melanopus is a morphological group of Polyporus which contains species with a black cuticle on the stipe. In this article, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Melanopus group were carried out on the basis of morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences of multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene ...

In phylogenetics, the evolutionary history of a group of taxa, for example, groups of species, genera or subspecies, can be modelled using a phylogenetic tree. Alternatively, we can model evolutionary history with a phylogenetic network. On phylogenetic networks, edges that have previously evolved independently from a common ancestor may subsequently converge for a period of time. Examples of p...

results the present work figured out that the heterogeneity of the quasispecies of our local strains 4a was high showing up 15% diversity. this study also showed four glycosylation sites that play an important role in the entry of the virus and protein folding. besides, different epitpoes were identified in different regions of the e1 and e2 domains; a finding which would help in determining th...