Background— cGMP phosphodiesterase type 5 protein is upregulated in myocardial hypertrophy. However, it has never been ascertained whether phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition exerts an antiremodeling effect in nonischemic heart disease in humans. We explored the cardioreparative properties of a selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, in a model of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Meth...

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) is a cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase that is found as four distinct genes in the mammalian genome (PDE4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D). Mutation analysis was done to identify the amino acids involved in activity and inhibitor selectivity. Mutations at Asp333 were made in HSPDE4D3 based on mutations that affect rolipram sensitivity in RNPDE4B1. The PDE4D3 Asp...

I agree with A.H. Morice and coworkers that the relatively short half-life of sildenafil (3–4 h) may be a drawback of this drug. Patients’ compliance may rarely be an issue. However, the fluctuations in sildenafil plasma concentrations are poorly tolerated by some patients. A drug with a much longer halflife, such as tadalafil (,18 h), might be advantageous, but caution is necessary. GHOFRANI e...

The treatment modalities of erectile dysfunction range from oral pharmacotherapy to intracavernosal injections, intraurethral pellets, vacuum erectile devices, and the surgical option of penile prosthesis insertion. Oral phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors still remain the preferred treatment for patients since they are the least invasive, not to mention that they can be prescribed by non-urologists...

Sildenafil was the first orally administered phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor approved for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Its successful introduction into clinical practice was soon followed by the launch of two other phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: vardenafil and tadalafil. The plethora of choices made the question "which PDE-5 inhibitor?" relevant for patients and clinicians. Despite the...

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by erythema and pruritis, affecting over 15 million people in the US. Th2/Th17 cytokines play key role AD pathogenesis, resulting an increased response, disrupted barrier, susceptibility to infections allergen sensitization. Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) cyclic 3’,5’-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-specific phospho...