as one of the most important and fundamental concepts in the divine religions, eternity and immortality after death has always been paid too much attention by religious thinkers mainly muslim scholars and mystics from philosophical, mystical ,theological, and quranic approaches. since mulla sadra's transcendent theosophy is not far from islamic mysticism and even some parts of its general ...

Modern pragmatics has been defined as “philosophical” pragmatics, not only because its main representative authors, such as John Austin (1962) and Paul Grice (1989), were philosophers of ordinary language, but also because it has used linguistic and philosophical analysis as the key method to give an explanation of the communicative features of language. If we consider language in general as an...

Anatomical, physiological and metabolic properties of tinnitus have been identified and a comprehensive theory is immerging. The key elements and their interaction are presented in a general fashion highlighting areas of concern such as needed details of individual biosusceptibility and the need for continued tinnitus modeling for predictions as an aid in the development of effective treatment ...

The central issue in the abortion debate is the moral status of the conceptus. There are two positions that argue this issue. At one extreme are the views of the pro-life group which argues that human life begins at the moment of conception whilst at the other are views of the pro-choice group that argues in favour of a woman's right to self-determination. Two basic principles come into conflic...

THE Society of Arts and Sciences at Utrecht have propofed the following queftion for a prize of thirty ducats: " Is the planting of trees in great towns and their environs falutary, or hurtful to the health of the inhabitants j Do their exhalations purify or corrupt the air; and what fpecies of trees do the molt, or the leafl good or harm ? The diffcrtationsareto be fentto M. Van-Haeften, Secre...

Altruism is a malleable notion that is understood differently in various disciplines. The common denominator of most definitions of altruism is the idea of unidirectional helping behaviour. However, a closer examination reveals that the term altruism sometimes refers to the outcomes of a helping behaviour for the agent and its neighbours – that is, reproductive altruism – and sometimes to what ...

Chemift was born at Halberftadt in 1692, and graduated at Halle in Saxony. His inaugural difcourfe was on the fulphur of metals. In 1718 he was admitted of the Academy, and about the fame time was appointed Profeffor of the Theory of Chemiftry in the College of Phyfic and Surgery at Berlin. He died on the 29th of March 1777, aged eighty-five years, leaving feveral daughters. His Lithogeogncfia ...

TH E academy of fciences at Dijon hav<* propofed the following fubjeft for a prizp of three hundred livres value : "To determine " with greater precifion than hath been hitherto u done, the charafteriftic fymptoms of intermit" .tent fevers, and to point out in the cleareft " manner the circumftances in which febrifuge " remedies may be employed with advantage, ki and without danger to the lick....

As remarked in the Introduction to this volume, there are two different phenomena that have been comprehended under the title of ‘generics’: (a) reference to kinds and (b) some statements of generality. Reference to kinds is a feature of (some) noun phrases, since it is (some) NPs that can accomplish reference. Meanwhile, generic statements involve an entire sentence, since it is entire sentenc...