The purpose of this study was to extract phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from buckwheat with water, 50% aqueous ethanol, or 100% ethanol using microwave irradiation or a water bath for 15 min at various temperatures (23–150 C). Phenolic content of extracts increased with increasing temperature. In general, phenolic contents in microwave irradiated extracts were higher than those hea...

Certain phenolic compounds represent a distinct class of Photosystem (PS) II Q(B) site inhibitors. In this paper, we report a detailed study of the effects of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) and other phenolic inhibitors, bromoxynil and dinoseb, on PS II energetics. In intact PS II, phenolic inhibitors bound to only 90-95% of Q(B) sites even at saturating concentrations. The remaining PS II reaction...

Tibetan tea (Kangzhuan) is an essential beverage of the Tibetan people. In this study, a lyophilized aqueous extract of Tibetan tea (LATT) was prepared and analyzed by HPLC. The results suggested that there were at least five phenolic components, including gallic acid, and four catechins (i.e., (+)-catechin, (-)-catechin gallate (CG), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epigallocatechin gall...

BACKGROUND Flowers of Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae) var. pleniflora, known as "Golnar" in Iranian traditional medicine have been used for the prevention and treatment of foodborne diseases. In this study, antibacterial activities of ethanol extract of Golnar and its fractions were scientifically evaluated against bacteria causing foodborne diseases including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus ce...

The formation of crown gall tumors by Agrobacterium tumefaciens requires that the virulence (vir) genes be induced by chemical signals which consist of specific phenolic compounds and monosaccharides, synthesized at plant wound sites. Signal transduction in the activation of these genes is mediated by the VirA-VirG two-component regulatory system, together with ChvE, a glucose-galactose binding...

Two cultivars of fresh market tomato [Oregon Spring (OS) and Red Sun (RS)] were each grown in two high tunnels at Beltsville, MD covered with a contrasting material of similar thickness (0.152mm) and durability (4-year polyethylene). One covering material (Tyco Tufflite IV) transmitted ambient solar UV radiation from 290 to 400nm (designated+UV) while the other material (Dura-Film Super 4) bloc...

Screening of phenolic constituents in leaves of Cedrela serrata, Toona ciliata, Azadirachta indica and Melia azedarach was done by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The phenolic compounds were identified by comparison with authentic standards. The phenolic acids identified in all plants leaves extract were gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, ...

The consumer demand for natural ingredients in cosmetic products is increasing. Phenolic compounds are among the most studied natural antioxidant compounds, they also present antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or antiaging actions and can permeate through the skin barrier. Grapes contain valuable phenolic components and grape byproducts are widely available low cost raw materials. This review pre...

Liquid reductive processing of birch wood in the presence of commercial Ru/C or Pd/C catalysts yields about 50% of a select set of phenolic monomers and a variety of phenolic di- and oligomers, next to a solid carbohydrate pulp. Changing the catalyst from Ru/C to Pd/C drastically increases the OH-content of the lignin-derived products, in particular for the phenolic monomers.