The success of reinforcement learning in robotic tasks is highly dependent on the state representation – a mapping from high dimensional sensory observations of the robot to states that can be used for reinforcement learning. Even though many methods have been proposed to learn state representations, it remains an important open problem. Identifying the characteristics existing methods are opti...

The in-plane elastic waves in periodically multilayered isotropic structures, which are decoupled from the out-of-plane waves, represented mainly by frequency–wavenumber spectra and occasionally frequency–phase velocity as well being studied predominantly for periodic bi-layered media along perpendicular to thickness direction existing research. This paper investigates their comprehensive dispe...

Among the bovine diseases, mastitis causes high economic losses in dairy production system. Nowadays, detection under field conditions is mainly performed by California Mastitis Test, which considered de facto standard. However, this method presents with problems of slowness and expensiveness chemical-reactive process, deeply dependent on an expert’s trained eye and, consequently, highly imprec...

I apply array processing techniques to study the slowness and coda of P/Pdiff for 1,371 shallow earthquakes (< 200 km) that occurred in Asia, South America, Tonga-Fiji, and Indonesia, and were recorded by the medium-aperture array, YKA, in Canada. The slowness analysis shows lateral variations in Earth structure at the base of the mantle across the north Pacific. I observe an Ultra-Low Velocity...

In acoustic seismic-reeection experiments, because of the lack of low frequencies in the usual seismic sources, the reeection of the energy back to the surface is associated to the short wavelengths of the slowness (the reeectivityy parameters), while the long wavelengths of the slowness (the propagatorr parameters) are associated to the kinematics of the arrival times of this energy. Such a de...

The basal ganglia are part of a neuronal network organized in parallel circuits. The "motor circuit" is most relevant to the pathophysiology of movement. Abnormal increment or reduction in the inhibitory output activity of basal ganglia give rise, respectively, to poverty and slowness of movement (i.e., Parkinson's disease) or dyskinesias.

After large lesions of the primary motor cortex (M1), voluntary movements of affected body parts are weak and slow. In addition, the relative independence of moving one body part without others is lost; attempts at individuated movements of a given body part are accompanied by excessive, unintended motion of contiguous body parts. The effects of partial inactivation of the M1 hand area are comp...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between physical frailty and risk of disability, and to identify the component(s) of frailty with the most impact on disability in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING A Japanese community. PARTICIPANTS 4341 older adults aged ≥65 living in the community participated in a baseline assessment from 2011 to 2012 and we...