It is well established that the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) plays a critical role in regulating IgG homeostasis in vivo. As such, modification of the interaction of IgG with FcRn has been the focus of protein-engineering strategies designed to generate therapeutic antibodies with improved pharmacokinetic properties. In the current work, we characterized differences in interaction of IgG between...

The addition of novel side chains at the 5-position of uracil is an effective means to increase chemical diversity of aptamers and hence the success rate for discovery of high-affinity ligands to protein targets. Such modifications also increase nuclease resistance, which is useful in a range of applications, especially for therapeutics. In this study, we assess the impact of these side chains ...

The incidence of central nervous system (CNS) recurrence in patients with lymphoma is about 5%. Nevertheless, this complication is very serious because it is almost always fatal. Its incidence is not sufficiently high to warrant the use of CNS prophylaxis in all patients. The identification of subgroups for whom CNS prophylaxis may be of benefit is therefore important and the age-adjusted inter...

Tolvaptan is an arginine vasopressin (AVP) antagonist that acts to increase excretion of free water (aquaresis) in patients without introducing electrolyte abnormalities or worsening renal function. It works via blockade of vasopressin-2 receptors at the renal collecting duct. Since the approval of tolvaptan for the treatment of hypervolemic and euvolemic hyponatremia in 2009, new studies have ...

In a study on the effects of smoked cannabis (18.2 + 2.8 mg as low and 36.5 • 5.6 mg as high dose) paired blood and oral fluid samples were collected from 10 study participants up to 6 h after smoking and analyzed for the cannabinoids A% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), 11-hydroxy-THC (THC-OH) and 11nor-9-carboxy-THC (THCA) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Highest concentrations in serum ...

Pregnancy alters the pharmacokinetic properties of many antimalarial compounds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of lumefantrine in pregnant and nonpregnant women with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Uganda after a standard fixed oral artemether-lumefantrine treatment. Dense venous (n = 26) and sparse capillary (n = 90) lumefantrine sampl...

AIMS The aims of the present study were to compare the pharmacokinetics of oseltamivir and its active antiviral metabolite oseltamivir carboxylate in obese and non-obese individuals and to determine the effect of obesity on the pharmacokinetic properties of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate. METHODS The population pharmacokinetic properties of oseltamivir and oseltamivir carboxylate wer...

Nifedipine-solid-lipid nanoparticles lyophilized with trehalose (NI-SLN-Tre) were prepared by the high pressure homogenization of a roll mixture consisting of NI and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol, and in vivo pharmacokinetic properties and their hemocompatibility were determined and compared with those of a NI-SLN suspension. The resulting pharmaco...

The aims of this study were to evaluate the transplacental transfer properties of diclofenac and to determine the effect of L-lactic acid on the transplacental transfer of diclofenac. The maternal and fetal vessels of human placenta were perfused in a single-pass mode with a solution containing diclofenac and antipyrine. The transplacental pharmacokinetic model was fitted to the time profiles o...

Advances in insulin treatment options over recent decades have markedly improved the management of diabetes. Despite this, glycemic control remains suboptimal in many people with diabetes. Although postprandial glucose control has been improved with the development of subcutaneously injected rapid-acting insulin analogs, currently available insulins are not able to fully mimic the physiological...