BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Peritonitis is a major infectious complication in peritoneal dialysis patients, and intraperitoneal antibiotic administration is preferred to ensure maximal antibiotic concentrations at the site of infection. This study aimed to describe the plasma and infection site pharmacokinetics of intraperitoneal gentamicin in patients with peritonitis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICI...

Information regarding analgesics in pinnipeds is limited. This study aimed to establish the pharmacokinetic parameters of a single subcutaneous dose of sustained release buprenorphine (Buprenorphine SR) in juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) with regard to its potential to provide long-lasting analgesia that requires infrequent dosing. Seals (n=26) were administered a sin...

INTRODUCTION Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of amikacin during continuous renal replacement therapy. METHODS This prospective observational study included patients admitted to an academic medical center who received amikacin therapy while on continuous veno-venous hemodialysis (CVVHD) and had at least two serum sample concentrations measured after first-dose administration. First-...

The value of cynomolgus and rhesus monkeys to predict human pharmacokinetic parameters has been well established in recent years. However, practical limitations on cost and accessibility can often be a deterrent to obtain data in these valuable species, and the characterization of the predictive power of other nonhuman primates would be useful. Therefore, the present investigation was designed ...

Vancomycin is a a glycopeptide antibiotic with bacetiocidal effects on gram positive bacteria by interfering with cell wall synthesis. The necessity for monitoring of serum vancomycin concentrations (SVCs) has been recently noticed at many institutions because of concerns for its nephrotoxicity. We aimed to describe the SVCs monitoring in pediatric patients, in an effort to determine subtherape...

Phamacokinetics is proposed to study the absorption, the distribution, the biotransformations and the elimination of drugs in man and animals. A single kinetic profile may be well summarized by Cmax, Tmax, t 1/2 and AUC and, having more than one profile, 8 parameters at least, the mean and standard deviation of these parameters, may well summarize the drug kinetics in the whole population. A mo...

BACKGROUND Generic antiretroviral therapy is the mainstay of HIV treatment in resource-limited settings, yet there is little evidence confirming the bioequivalence of generic and brand name formulations. We compared the steady-state pharmacokinetics of lamivudine, stavudine and nevirapine in HIV-infected subjects who were receiving a generic formulation (Triomune) or the corresponding brand for...

Following the discovery of the first analog of penicillin by A. Fleming (1929), the ┚-lactam antibiotics are still a developing group of chemotherapeutics and are used in treatment of majority of diseases with bacterial etiology. ┚-lactam antibiotics have a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, favourable pharmacokinetic parameters and low side effects. In ┚lactam therapy two main problems ...

The antibiotic treatment of severe sepsis poses an increasing challenge in ICU. The multidrug resistance and diverse pharmacokinetics of antibiotics requires a different approach on antibiotic therapy because of the inadequate serum antibiotic levels found in ICU patients. The current guidelines or recommendations of antibiotic treatment take into account the pharmacokinetic parameters in deter...

Antifungal prescription remains a challenge in pregnant women because of uncertainties regarding fetal toxicity and altered maternal pharmacokinetic parameters that may affect efficacy or increase maternal and fetal toxicity. We present updated data reviewing the available knowledge and current recommendations regarding antifungal prescription in pregnancy. Amphotericin B remains the first-choi...