Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) periodically decide on both which products to launch (or phase out) and in global regions, thereby conducting an integrated products-countries consideration diversification strategies. Over time, these decisions can have a cumulative impact the structure. Diversification literature has primarily focused one of two metrics rather than providing view; this work in...

The aim of this paper is to assess whether cost containment has been affected by recent pharmaceutical reimbursement reforms that have been introduced in the Spanish health care system over the period 1996-2002, under the conservative Popular Party Government. Four main reimbursement policies can be observed in the Spanish pharmaceutical market after 1996, each of them largely unintegrated with...

This report presents a single-laboratory-validated NMR method for determining the quantity of aloe vera polysaccharide in product formulations. The ratio of signal intensities of the acetyl methyl protons to methyl protons of an internal reference varied linearly with concentration (r2 > 0.99) with a lower LOQ of 0.2 g/100 mL for two commercial aloe polysaccharide standards, Acemannan Hydrogel ...

On September 15, 2014, the New York State Attorney General filed a lawsuit against a brand pharmaceutical manufacturer alleging anticompetitive “product hopping.” The suit alleged that when defendant Actavis executed a “forced switch” of the market for its blockbuster Alzheimer’s drug, Namenda IR, to impel patients to purchase a new version, it engaged in product hopping and violated the Sherma...

Development of a drug product is a complex, iterative process consisting of selection of a dosage form, excipients, processing route, operating equipment and so on. At each stage, knowledge in various forms, including heuristics, decision trees and mathematical models, is used in making decisions. Typically knowledge is modeled specifically for the tool that uses it, such as expert systems and ...

We integrate insights from open innovation and collaborative strategic foresight (CSF) to theorize practice. Adopting a case-based approach, we draw qualitative two Chinese pharmaceutical firms—one private one state-owned, both engaged in new product development (NPD) projects. Focusing on how firms leverage CSF support their NPD, offer an interpretive account of the take different appro...