The European Ethical Review Committee, which concerns itself with the standards applicable to clinical trials with medicinal products, was established in 1977 and, as the name suggests, draws its membership from the countries of Europe. Its structure comprises a Board and panels of experts representing internal medicine, clinical pharmacology, general practice, nursing, legal and lay persons. B...

The access to local knowledge in a host country has been recognized as a crucial factor in explaining the capacity of MNC sub-units for locally exploratory activity. We argue that as international business has moved away from the traditional model of unidirectional transfer of technological knowledge from the parent company to its foreign sub-units, over time new factors have come to influence ...

making decision about capital structure is one of the hardest and challengeable problems for the companies, and also it is the greatest importance decision about their permanence. this paper investigates factors affecting capital structure among 70 samples of small business in ahwaz. data was gathered from accounting evidences and data questioners. parametric and nonparametric statistical techn...

CoQ10 was discovered by Dr. Frederick L. Crane at the University of Wisconsin in the late 1950s during his research on the biochemistry of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, also known as the respiratory chain. The pure substance isolated from beef heart mitochondria was sent to Dr. Karl Folkers at the pharmaceutical company Merck for identification and elucidation of its structure. It...

a new structure learning approach for bayesian networks (bns) based on asexual reproduction optimization (aro) is proposed in this letter. aro can be essentially considered as an evolutionary based algorithm that mathematically models the budding mechanism of asexual reproduction. in aro, a parent produces a bud through a reproduction operator; thereafter the parent and its bud compete to survi...

The paper provides an overview of current situation of the global pharmaceutical industry, with focus placed on the EU pharmaceutical market, including also the Romanian pharmaceutical market evolution synthetized into a SWOT analysis. As main goal the paper identifies several financial performance influence factors at the level of a number of companies from pharmaceutical sector, in order to g...

Pharmaceutical sales exceed $850 billion a year, of which 84% are accounted for by brand drugs. Drug prices are the focus of an ongoing heated debate. While some argue that pharmaceutical companies exploit monopolistic power granted by patent protection to set prices that are "too high", others claim that these prices are necessary to motivate the high R&D investments required in the pharmaceut...

Designing a global pricing strategy for a new pharmaceutical product has become increasingly difficult as geographic reference pricing and parallel trade have introduced global price interdependencies between different nations. What may have been an optimal pricing strategy in a single country may no longer be optimal when considering the international ramifications of this price. The prices se...

Vigilant care aims at reducing adolescent risk behaviors while matching parental involvement to the level of alarm signs. This study examined the effect of parent training in vigilant care and technological feedback on driving risk of novice male drivers. A sample of 217 Israeli families was divided into four conditions: a) no-feedback, b) individual feedback, c) family feedback, and d) family ...