Knowledge on the effects of pharmaceuticals on aquatic marine ecosystems is limited. The aim of this study was therefore to establish the effect thresholds of pharmaceutical compounds occurring in the Belgian marine environment for the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and subsequently perform an environmental risk assessment for these substances. Additionally, a screening-level risk ass...

Many of the health benefits associated with Aloe vera have been attributed to the polysaccharides contained in the gel of the leaves. These biological activities include promotion of wound healing, antifungal activity, hypoglycemic or antidiabetic effects antiinflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulatory and gastroprotective properties. While the known biological activities of A. vera will be brie...

Although each statistical unit on which measurements are taken is unique typically there is not enough information available to account totally for its uniqueness. Therefore heterogeneity among units has to be limited by structural assumptions. One classical approach is to use random effects models, which assume that heterogeneity can be described by distributional assumptions. However, inferen...

b a c k g r o u n d & aim: today, one of the leading causes of pathogenicity and mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis is their failure to follow the treatment plan. the present research was con- ducted to compare effects of patient-centered  education with family-centered  education on adher- ence with the treatment program. methods & materials: this clinical trial was performed betwee...

You might know the address of IJPR editorial office; it's in Vali-e-Asr Street just about two kilometers from Vanak square. Vali-e-Asr is one of the longest main streets in Tehran. Tehran is one of the biggest capitals in the world with a population of more than 14 million. The earth is home to more than six billion human beings with huge diverse ethnic backgrounds. Starting from the IJPR offic...

You might know the address of IJPR editorial office; it's in Vali-e-Asr Street just about two kilometers from Vanak square. Vali-e-Asr is one of the longest main streets in Tehran. Tehran is one of the biggest capitals in the world with a population of more than 14 million. The earth is home to more than six billion human beings with huge diverse ethnic backgrounds. Starting from the IJPR offic...

After the boom of pharmacological research during the 1950s, mainly as a result of the screening technique, the identification of active molecules, their reshaping by means of pharmaco-chemical drug design, and the creation of extremely efficacious and successful medicines, the pharmaceutical world sought a new source of inspiration. Such biota as the tropical forest, a quantity of plants credi...

the purpose of this paper is to make explicit how companies in pharmaceutical sector can ensure their position in different markets by relying on a sustainable competitive advantages resulted from using a good defined marketing model. various factors are highlighted including high research and development roles and costs, hard government regulation in frame of gmp standard, market analysis tool...

Behavioral stimulants have widespread potential application in the treatment of affective disorders, disorders of vigilance, and disorders of sleep. Most behavioral stimulants, however, must be used with extreme caution because of undesirable side effects that include stereotypy, anxiolytic effects, and addiction. Adrafinil, developed in France by Louis Lafon Laboratories, is a novel pharmaceut...