Conflicts of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts. Macrogols are polymers of ethylene glycol, and are widely used in food and food packaging, and also in cosmetics and pharmaceutical preparations as solvents, softening agents, and lubricants. There are different types of macrogols, according to their molecular weight (e.g. macrogol 400, 3350, 4000, and 6000). There have been reports...

Justifications: Perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion can be reduced or even completely avoided by using a set of different strategies: meticulous hemostasis, the use of pharmaceutical agents that assist in the process of coagulation/ fibrinolysis, the use of blood substitutes, induced hypotension, preoperative autologous blood donation, collection and reinfusion of autologous blood during...

Sorbicillinoids are important hexaketide metabolites derived from fungi. They have a variety of biological activities including cytotoxic, antioxidant, antiviral and antimicrobial activity. The unique structural features of the sorbicillinoids make them attractive candidates for developing new pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents. About 90 sorbicillinoids have been reported in the past few de...

The likelihood of a general physician encountering a patient with compensated and decompensated liver disease is increasing. This article provides an overview of pharmaceutical agents currently used in the management of cirrhosis and is designed to allow a better understanding of the rationale for using certain drugs in patients with often complex pathology.

The past decade has seen growing interest in the investigation of peptides with antimicrobial activity (AMPs). One approach utilized in infection control is incorporation of antimicrobial agents conjugated with the polymers. This review presents the recent developments on polymeric AMP carriers and their potential applications in the biomedical and pharmaceutical fields.

The development of new antibiotics is dependent on their performance in economic models that favour products with large markets, high levels of potential sales and low development risks. There is a trend toward more severe and more widespread market restrictions for the use of antibiotics, ostensibly to control resistance, though they may be enacted through the control of drug budgets. The rest...

Pharmaceutical countermeasures to treat disuse osteoporosis are rarely studied. Pharmaceutical studies for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis depend on the ovariectomized rat model, which is a suitable model for the disease in women. Disuse osteoporosis affects men and women, but there is lack of awareness and relevant pharmaceutical studies for this condition. The objectives of this ...

The Multidisciplinary Congress in Cardio-Thoracic Healthcare was held in Ottawa, Canada, August 17–20, 2006. The Congress focused on some of the fastest-evolving areas in cardio–thoracic healthcare, namely medical devices, interventional procedures, pharmaceutical agents, imaging technologies, cell-based therapies and surgical approaches. The Congress Chairs were Sir Magdi Yacoub, Joel D Cooper...

SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF NOVEL PHENACYL BASED CARBOXAMIDE DERIVATIVES OF PIPERIDINE AS ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS Shamim Akhtar, Z S Saify, M Arif, Nousheen Mushtaq, Ahsana Dar, Ashfaq Ahmed Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan, *Department of Pharmacology, HEJ Research Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Karachi, ...

Sexual dysfunction is prevalent in both men and women. Although new pharmaceutical agents have been identified for male erectile problems, sexual desire and orgasm disorders, individuals with sexual dysfunction often seek alternative therapies, including traditional Chinese medicine. This article reviews currently used alternative therapies, such as herbal medications, L-arginine, acupuncture, ...