BACKGROUND To what extent are the properties of neuronal networks constrained by computational considerations? Comparative analysis of the vertical lobe (VL) system, a brain structure involved in learning and memory, in two phylogenetically close cephalopod mollusks, Octopus vulgaris and the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis, provides a surprising answer to this question. RESULTS We show that in b...

Signals in intraspecific communication should be inherently honest; otherwise the system is prone to collapse. Theory predicts, however, that honest signalling systems are susceptible to invasion by cheats, the extent of which is largely mediated by fear of reprisal. Cuttlefish facultatively change their shape and colour, an ability that evolved to avoid predators and capture prey. Here, we sho...

Dans cet article, nous décrivons le concept de triggers inter-langues. Nous expliquons ensuite comment nous avons utilisé de tels triggers pour construire automatiquement un dictionnaire bilingue. Nous avons par la suite évalué notre dictionnaire bilingue en le comparant à deux dictionnaires existants, le premier fourni par ELRA et le second en libre accès sur Internet. Cependant, afin de rendr...

Our skeletons evolved from cartilaginous tissue, but it remains a mystery how cartilage itself first arose in evolution. Characterization of cartilage in cuttlefish and horseshoe crabs reveals surprising commonalities with chordate chondrocytes, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.

A study of eight independent instances of evolution of a distinct mode of swimming by animals such as rays and cuttlefish shows repeated arrival at a single optimal solution.

This article offers a novel and original facial reconstruction of pharaoh Tutankhamun based on data published in the biomedical Egyptological literature. The adopts Blender 3D software, running add-on OrtogOnBlender, which allows for refined presentation soft tissues. present is also compared to other approaches produced past.

We present an Open Source framework called MOOD developed in order to facilitate the development of a Statistical Machine Translation Decoder. MOOD has been modularized using an object-oriented approach which makes it especially suitable for the fast development of state-of-the-art decoders. As a proof of concept, a clone of the PHARAOH decoder has been implemented and evaluated. This clone nam...

Body patterning behavior in unshelled cephalopod molluscs such as squid, octopuses, and cuttlefish is the ability of these animals to create complex patterns on their skin. This behavior is generated primarily by chromatophores, pigment-containing organs that are directly innervated by central motoneurons. The present study focuses on innervation patterns and location of chromatophore motoneuro...