In human aortic smooth muscle cells, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates adenylyl cyclase (AC) and attenuates the increase in intracellular free Ca concentration evoked by activation of histamine H1 receptors. The mechanisms are not resolved. We show that cAMP mediates inhibition of histamine-evoked Ca signals by PGE2. Exchange proteins activated by cAMP were not required, but the effects were a...

The control of dendritic cell (DC) migration is pivotal for the initiation of cellular immune responses. In this study, we demonstrate that the migration of human monocyte-derived (Mo)DCs as well as of ex vivo peripheral blood DCs toward CCL21, CXCL12, and C5a is stringently dependent on the presence of the proinflammatory mediator PGE2, although DCs expressed CXCR4 and C5aR on their surface an...

Resveratrol is a natural polyphenol found in red grape skins, berries and red wine. Accumulating evidence suggests that resveratrol has various beneficial effects on the human body. In the present study, we investigated the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on osteoprotegerin (OPG) synthesis and the effects of resveratrol on OPG synthesis in osteoblastlike MC3T3-E1 cells. PGE2 significantly st...

Naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (T reg) are pivotal in suppressing immune responses and maintaining tolerance. The identification of molecules controlling T reg differentiation and function is important in understanding host immune responses in malignancy and autoimmunity. In this study we show that PGE2 enhances the in vitro inhibitory function of human purified CD4+CD25+ T re...

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays an important role in immunosuppression and tumor growth. PGE2 inhibitors such as aspirin and indomethacin suppress experimental tumor growth. Little is known of the relationship between PGE2 synthesis in brain tumors and the dose of aspirin or indomethacin. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of different doses of aspirin and indomethacin on PGE...

Fever occurs upon binding of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to EP3 receptors in the median preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, but the origin of the pyrogenic PGE2 has not been clearly determined. Here, using mice of both sexes, we examined the role of local versus generalized PGE2 production in the brain for the febrile response. In wild-type mice and in mice with genetic deletion of the prostaglan...

We investigated the role of nitric oxide (NO) in inflammatory hyperalgesia. Coinjection of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) with the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) inhibited PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. L-NMA was also able to reverse that hyperalgesia. This suggests that NO contributes to the maintenance of, as well as to the induction of, PGE2-induced hyperalgesia. Con...

Different populations of mononuclear phagocytes (MO) show considerable diversity of cellular function including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) biosynthesis. Certain bacterial components enhance PGE2 biosynthesis differentially in selected populations of MO. Interleukin (IL)-10 is proposed to inhibit modulation of PGE2 biosynthesis by down-regulating prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PGHS-2) expression. To...

PGE2 is a potent lipid mediator involved in maintaining homeostasis but also promotion of acute inflammation or immune suppression in chronic inflammation and cancer. Nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein (NLR)P3 inflammasome plays an important role in host defense. Uncontrolled activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, owing to mutations in the NLRP3 gene, causes cryopy...

Prostaglandins are known to lower activation threshold to thermal, mechanical, and chemical stimulation in small-diameter sensory neurons. Although the mechanism of prostaglandin action is unknown, agents known to elevate intracellular calcium produce a sensitization that is similar to that produced by prostaglandins. Consistent with the idea of prostaglandin-induced elevations in calcium, pros...