Earthworms are common organisms in soil toxicity-testing framework, and endogeic species currently recommended due to their ecological role agroecosystem. However, little is known on pesticide metabolic capacities. We firstly compared the baseline activity of B-esterases glutathione-S-transferase Allolobophora chlorotica Aporrectodea caliginosa. Secondly, vulnerability these exposure was assess...

Interactions between pollutants and suboptimal environmental conditions can have severe consequences for the toxicity of pollutants, yet are still poorly understood. To identify patterns across environmental conditions and across fitness-related variables we exposed Enallagma cyathigerum damselfly larvae to the pesticide chlorpyrifos at two food levels or at two temperatures and quantified four...

Pesticide residue inducing cancer-related health problems draw people more attention recently. Emamectin benzoate (EMB) has been widely used in agriculture around the world based on its specificity targets. Although potential risk and the molecular mechanism of EMB toxicity to human liver has not been well-characterized. Unlike well-reported toxicity upon central nervous system, potential genot...

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural production to prevent or control pests, diseases, weeds, and other plant pathogens in an effort to reduce or eliminate yield losses and maintain high product quality. Although pesticides are developed through very strict regulation processes to function with reasonable certainty and minimal impact on human health and the environment, serious concerns h...

Veterinary and agricultural surfactants are supposed to be inert additives, yet these substances commonly exert biological side-effects, in given cases synergistic with those of the active ingredients of these preparations. This is explicitly seen in altered toxicity of veterinary or pesticide formulations compared to their active ingredients alone. Neither the individual effects of these excip...

Data on pesticide active substances were used to assess the reliability of the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. Pesticides were chosen as a robust test because of their potential for toxicity. 328 pesticide substances were classified on the basis of their chemical structure, according to the generic scheme proposed by the European Food Safety Authority. 43 carbamates and organ...

Parathion-methyl is an organophosphorous insecticide that is widely used in agricultural production sites in the Amazon. The use of this pesticide might pose a potential risk for the biodiversity and abundance of fish and invertebrate species inhabiting aquatic ecosystems adjacent to the agricultural fields. Due to a lack of toxicity data for Amazonian species, safe environmental concentrations...

The freshwater fish, Channa gachua was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of an organophosphorus pesticide, monocrotophos. The fish was exposed to acute toxicity of monocrotophos for 16, 24 and 48 hours while for chronic toxicity it was exposed for 15, 30 and 45 days. The monocrotophos was found to be toxic to the fish, which was found to be increasing with the increase of its concentration. ...

Use of synthetic pesticides causes some unfortunate consequences such as environmental pollution, pests/ vector resistance and toxicity to other non-target organisms including human beings, biological pesticides from plant, microbial origin are environmentally safe pesticides. Microbial insecticides are especially valuable because their non-toxicity to non-target animals and human beings. Labor...