Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA), percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration (TESA) and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) are invasive procedures and their consequences on the testis have not been clearly defined. In order to relate the sonographic and colour Doppler flow changes to the clinical data, 14 patients with non-obstructive and six with obstructive azoospermia were exami...

Abstract Nondominated Neighbor Immune Algorithm (NNIA) is proposed for multiobjective optimization by using a novel nondominated neighbor-based selection technique, an immune inspired operator, two heuristic search operators, and elitism. The unique selection technique of NNIA only selects minority isolated nondominated individuals in the population. The selected individuals are then cloned pro...

Although the technique of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has been a revolution in the alleviation of male infertility, the use of testicular sperm for ICSI was a formerly unseen breakthrough in the treatment of the azoospermic man with primary testicular failure. At the clinical level, different procedures of testicular sperm retrieval (conventional TESE, micro-TESE, FNA/TESA, MESA, PE...

OBJECTIVES Men presenting with primary infertility and azoospermia may be offered surgical sperm retrieval (SSR) as a prelude to intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). We evaluated sperm retrieval rates in subgroups of men with azoospermia, based on obstructive aetiology, testicular volume and FSH. METHODS 106 patients with primary infertility underwent clinical evaluation and SSR with perc...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of artificial oocyte activation (AOA) on intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using surgically retrieved sperm. DESIGN Laboratory study. SETTING Fertility/assisted fertilization center. PATIENT(S) Couples undergoing surgical sperm retrieval for ICSI (n = 204). INTERVENTION(S) Application of calcium ionophore A23187 for AOA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASU...

The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with fresh and frozen-thawed surgically retrieved spermatozoa from men diagnosed with congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD). Twenty-seven azoospermic men with their partners were treated [25 with CBAVD and two with clinical cystic fibrosis (CF)]. CF gene mutation analysis and genetic co...