Development of robust spoken language technology ideally relies on the availability of large amounts of data preferably in the target domain and language. However, more often than not, speech developers need to cope with very little or no data, typically obtained from a different target domain. This paper focuses on developing techniques towards addressing this challenge. Specifically we consid...

Abstract The aim of intercultural translation is to communicate. Communication is acted via verbal as well as visual means. The interaction of verbal and visual means of communication makes a set of complex situations which demand special attention in translation. One context in which the interaction of visual and verbal elements gets vital importance is children’s picture books. Color is an in...

Translation of idioms seems to be complicated for most translators since the meaning of idioms is difficult and sometimes impossible to be deduced from the meaning of their individual components. Considering the difficulties of translation of idioms and also the specific constraints of subtitling such as space and time limits, this research studied the strategies employed in translation of idio...

Translation has a great importance in the development of human sciences every age. First, we examine theories writers and critics mentioned translation simulation. Translator must know function symbolic language that differs from metaphors similes. is best way to enrich languages which literatures are formulated, be constant contact with what thought offers, writer or translator take position c...

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is recognized as the most common type of neuropathies. Questionnairesare the method of choice for evaluating patients with CTS. Boston Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (BCTS) is one of the mostfamous questionnaires that evaluate the functional and symptomatic aspects of CTS. This study was performed toevaluate the validity and reliability of the Persian version of...

translation of idioms seems to be complicated for most translators since the meaning of idioms is difficult and sometimes impossible to be deduced from the meaning of their individual components. considering the difficulties of translation of idioms and also the specific constraints of subtitling such as space and time limits, this research studied the strategies employed in translation of idio...

INTRODUCTION In recent years, outcome assessment related to orthopedic surgeries has increasingly focused on patient-reported questionnaires. The Oxford Hip Score (OHS), self-administered questionnaire, is a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument for assessing hip in patients undergoing Arthroplasty. METHODS The study involved 105 adult Persian-speaking patients admitted for primary Total...

BACKGROUND The Oxford Knee Score (OKS) is a short patient-reported outcome instrument that measures pain and physical activity related to knee osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate, construct validity and consistent reliability of the Persian version of the OKS. METHODS The case series consisted of 80 patients who were clinically diagnosed with having knee osteoarthritis. A...

Three major problems in modem translation ideology were identified and the researcher proposed changes necessary for advancements in the development of translation theories and translation technology. Traditionally, the development in translation theory has created a translation ideology that has focused on the faithfulness and the accuracy of target texts in representing the source texts, enco...

A new framework for a system that aids online volunteer translators is proposed. As regards this proposal, first, the current status and conditions of online volunteer translators and their translation environments are examined, and general requirements for a system that would aid these translators are given. Our proposed approach for dealing with heterogeneous data, which involves providing a ...