Tropical forests are essential for climate change mitigation. With growing interest over the use of credits from reducing emissions deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) other natural solutions within both voluntary compliance carbon markets, key concerns about long-term durability reductions, or their permanence, arise countries, corporations, regulators, policy makers. This paper seeks...

The authors evaluated the ontogenetic performance of a grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) on object permanence tasks designed for human infants. Testing began when the bird was 8 weeks old, prior to fledging and weaning. Because adult grey parrots understand complex invisible displacements (I. M. Pepperberg & F. A. Kozak, 1986), the authors continued weekly testing until the current subject comp...

In this paper, we investigate a Lotka-Volterra system under regime switching dx(t) = diag(x1(t), . . . , xn(t))[(b(r(t)) + A(r(t))x(t))dt+ σ(r(t))dB(t)], where B(t) is a standard Brownian motion. The aim here is to find out what happens under regime switching. We first obtain the sufficient conditions for the existence of global positive solutions, stochastic permanence, extinction. We find out...

Garay and Hofbauer (SIAM J. Math. Anal. 34 (2003)) proposed sufficient conditions for robust permanence and impermanence of the deterministic replicator dynamics. We reconsider these conditions in the context of the stochastic replicator dynamics, which is obtained from its deterministic analogue by introducing Brownian perturbations of payoffs. When the deterministic replicator dynamics is per...

The now classical replicator equation describes a wide variety of biological phenomena, including those in theoretical genetics, evolutionary game theory, or in the theories of the origin of life. Among other questions, the permanence of the replicator equation is well studied in the local, well-mixed case. Inasmuch as the spatial heterogeneities are key to understanding the species coexistence...

The two acknowledged vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’ in north-western Italy, the psyllid Cacopsylla melanoneura and the leafhopper Fieberiella florii, have been compared to highlight their role in the apple proliferation epidemiology in relation to their infectivity, transmission efficiency and permanence in apple orchards and in wild vegetation, predominantly hawthorn formations. The ...

We generalize the Bisin and Verdier (2000, 2001) model of intergenerational transmission to permit an arbitrary number of cultural traits. A key observation – that this model is equivalent to an evolutionary game under replicator dynamics – allows us to exploit the extensive literature on replicator systems. For some substantively interesting special cases, we demonstrate global stability of eq...