The possibility of inducing peritoneal inflammation in three murine species (gerbils, rats and mice) via the oral administration of indomethacin was investigated with the overall aim of developing an experimental animal model for human peritonitis. Gerbils given high doses of indomethacin at a rate of 30 mg and 40 mg/kg body weight showed swelling of the abdomen, depression and dyspnea within 4...

We investigated peritoneal leukocyte count (PLC) and culture results for correlations with inflammation, nutrition, microbiologic parameters, and the effects of peritonitis on peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) and clinical outcomes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The study group consisted of patients who had experienced peritonitis for the first time and who had been on PD for at leas...

It has generally been assumed that peritonitis occurs but rarely in newborn infants. In the 1952 Charles West lecture (Moncrieff, 1953) on infection in newborn babies the condition was not mentioned. Thelander, who wrote a classical paper on perforations of the gastro-intestinal tract in newborn infants in 1939, stated that most paediatricians never saw a case, and in 1949 Low, Cooper and Cosby...

Peritonitis is a major complication of peritoneal dialysis, but the relationship between peritonitis and mortality among these patients is not well understood. In this case-crossover study, we included the 1316 patients who received peritoneal dialysis in Australia and New Zealand from May 2004 through December 2009 and either died on peritoneal dialysis or within 30 days of transfer to hemodia...

P eritonitis can be induced by a number of infectious (bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic) and noninfectious (traumatic, chemical, neoplastic) causes. Bacterial agents are the most well-recognized cause of peritonitis in horses, and bacterial peritonitis is often described as primary or secondary based on the mode of entry of the infectious agent. Primary peritonitis usually occurs only in ass...

Despite advances in therapy based on increasing understanding of the attendant haemodynamic and metabolic derangements, together with the use of antibiotics, diffuse peritonitis remains a life-endangering condition. The mortality rate of diffuse faecal and biliary peritonitis is still about 50% (Dawson, 1964; Means, 1964). Some surgeons believe in cleansing the peritoneal cavity at operation wi...

Perforative peritonitis is the most common surgical emergency in India. The aim of the study was to highlight the presentation of perforative peritonitis as encountered by us at Bankura Sammilani Medical College and Hospital. In this study, a total of 174 cases of perforative peritonitis were included. Duodenal perforation (63.8%) was the most common cause of perforative peritonitis. Appendicul...

causative organisms are usually bacteria(l). Fungi are uncommonly implicated, .being responsible for only 2-10% of all peritonitis episodes associated with PD(2). The majority of the published experience deals with fungal peritonitis in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, the incidence being 0.2 to 1.7 episodes per 12 patient months of dialysis(3). Fungal peritonitis,...

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is defined by a positive ascitic fluid bacterial culture and an elevated ascitic fluid absolute polymorphonuclear count (≥250 cells/mm3) without an evident intra-abdominal, surgically treatable source of infection. Transient ascites is well documented in patients with extrahepatic portal venous obstruction but spontaneous bacterial peritonitis complicating extr...

Peritonitis is a serious and common complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD), representing the commonest cause of technique failure and a not infrequent cause of patient death. Early onset peritonitis, variously defined in the literature as peritonitis occurring within the first 3-20 months of PD, is increasingly being recognised as a discrete and important clinical problem with appreciably hei...