Purpose: The ischial tuberosity, referred to as the “sit bone” by patients with pain when sitting, is surrounded by critical nerves. Depending upon how a person places weight on the ischial tuberosity, symptoms can vary from pudendal nerve symptoms, to sciatica, or to posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) symptoms. This research relates, for the first time, the involvement of the PFCN, inclu...

Although extensively applied in obstetrics practice to facilitate delivery by increasing the vaginal birth conduit, most episiotomy studies are in the context of short- or medium-term outcomes, and the number of studies investigating the long-term effects is insufficient. Episiotomy is often considered associated with urinary and/or anal incontinence and dyspareunia; however, there is no concre...

OBJECTIVE To identify, survey and review randomized controlled studies of the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for obstetric treatment or health promotion. METHODS The MEDLINE database was searched to identify randomized controlled trials of CAM treatment and therapies in obstetrics. Studies examining modalities for treatment or improvement of health status were reviewed. ...

Isolated perineal burns are rare and so are perineal contractures. Perineal contractures may however lead to intestinal obstruction, which is a more life-threatening complication. A six-yr-old boy presented with chronic intestinal obstruction following isolated perineal contracture due to a deliberate perineal burn injury to treat a febrile convulsion. The obstruction was successfully relieved ...

BACKGROUND As in ulcerative colitis, there is an increased incidence of colorectal carcinoma in Crohn's disease. While carcinoma formation originating from ano-rectal fistulas is generally considered as a rare event there are different publications reporting on mucinous adenocarcinoma formation in association with a neovagina and rectovaginal fistulas. To the best of our knowledge this is the f...

BACKGROUND Coccygodynia is a pain in the region of the coccyx that radiates to the sacral, perineal area. The cause of the pain is often unknown. Coccygodynia is diagnosed through the patient's past history, a physical examination, and dynamic radiographic study, but the injection of local anesthetics or a diagnostic nerve blockade are needed to distinguish between somatic, neuropathic, and com...

BACKGROUND Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of localised cooling treatments compared with no treatment, other forms of cooling treatments and non-cooling treatments...

OBJECTIVE To determine the mechanisms involved in the regulation of pelvic and perineal pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Description of the anatomical pathways mediating nociceptive transmission and the physiological mechanisms of pain control. RESULTS The pelvis and perineum do not have the same innervation. The pelvis is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, while the perineum is innerv...

Use of a bilateral caudal superficial epigastric skin flap and perineal urethrostomy for reconstruction of a wound which occurred secondary to rupture of the distal urethra and extravasation of urine is reported. A 10-month-old male neutered Domestic Shorthaired cat was presented with a history of trauma, signs of pain of the hind quarters and anuria. Progression of the clinical signs, includin...