A fixed effects regression and two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) is used to analyze secondary data from the World Bank, covering 163 countries over period 2000 2016. The study tests relationship between renewable energy, urbanization, CO2 emissions. empirical results show that urbanization has an inverted U-shaped with emissions, while energy consumption mitigates If causal, a...

Climate change is a global problem facing mankind, and achieving peak CO2 emissions carbon neutrality an important task for China to respond climate change. The quantitative evaluation of the trends urban energy consumption premise this goal. Therefore, from perspective expansion, paper analyzes complex relationship between mutual interactions feedback population, land economic growth, structur...

Depending on how it functions and is organized, the financial system can have a negative, positive, or zero impact environment. For Bangladesh, empirical relationship between development environment, measured in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per capita, analysed over period 1980 to 2020. This first such analysis for this country. We perform within non-linear bound testing framework wh...

The optimal strategy and the implied costs of a stringent climate protection objective are uncertain and potentially large. The uncertainties arise from the growth and flexibility of energy demand and of low carbon energy supply. Carbon capture and sequestration is an option to reduce the economic costs of ambitious climate protection strategies, when energy demand and supply turns out to be in...

This article examines changes in transport and land-use policies in Germany over the last 40 years that have encouraged more walking, bicycling and public transport use. It focuses on a case study of policy changes in the city of Freiburg, where over the last three decades, the number of bicycle trips tripled, public transport ridership doubled, and the share of trips by automobile declined fro...

introduction: the latest report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change (ipcc) states that future emissions of greenhouse gases (ghgs) will continue to increase and cause climatic change (16). these conditions are also true for iran. the three greenhouse gases associated with agriculture are carbon dioxide (co2), methane (ch4), and nitrous oxide (n2o). the three ghgs associated with ag...

China accounts for approximately 30% of the CO2 emissions—one of the largest proportions from a single nation. Therefore, reducing the CO2 emissions in China will play a decisive role in global CO2 emissions reduction. This paper is a proposal of optimum insulation thickness (OIT) for the exterior walls of buildings in 32 regions of China to save energy and reduce CO2 emissions. The determinati...