A flow-based solid-phase peptide synthesis methodology that enables the incorporation of an amino acid residue every 1.8 min under automatic control or every 3 min under manual control is described. This is accomplished by passing a stream of reagent through a heat exchanger into a low volume, low backpressure reaction vessel, and through a UV detector. These features enable continuous delivery...

The catalytic synthesis of peptides is a major challenge in the modern organic chemistry hindered by the well-established use of stoichiometric coupling reagents. Herein, we describe for the first time that borinic acid is able to catalyse this reaction under mild conditions with an improved activity compared to our recently developed thiophene-based boronic acid. This catalyst is particularly ...

The rates of the thermolysin-catalyzed synthesis of peptides have been determined by means of HPLC. In the condensation of various N-substituted amino acids and peptides with L-leucinanilide, the enzyme exhibits preference for a hydrophobic L-amino acid as the donor of the carbonyl group of the newly formed bond. The presence of another hydrophobic amino acid residue adjacent to the carbonyl-gr...

Peptide thioester synthesis by N→S acyl transfer is being intensively explored by many research groups the world over. Reasons for this likely include the often straightforward method of precursor assembly using Fmoc-based chemistry and the fundamentally interesting acyl migration process. In this review we introduce recent advances in this exciting area and discuss, in more detail, our own eff...

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and adipose-derived progenitor cells (ADPCs) are potential alternatives to autologous chondrocytes for cartilage resurfacing strategies. In this study, the chondrogenic potentials of these cell types were compared by quantifying neo-tissue synthesis and assaying gene expression and accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components of cartilage. A...

The present studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of C-atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)(4-23) and several peptide fragments containing 12 amino acids from different regions of the cytoplasmic domain of natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR)-C on cell proliferation in the absence or presence of angiotensin (ANG) II, endothelin (ET)-1, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in A-10 vascular smoot...

Peptide vaccines incorporating B- and T-cell epitopes have shown promise in the context of various cancers infections. These are relatively simple to manufacture, but more immunogenic formulations considered a priority. We developed tetrabranched derivatives for this purpose based on novel peptide welding technology (PWT). PWTs provide molecular scaffolds efficient synthesis ultrapure dendrimer...