This paper introduces a new concept within shadow segmentation for usage in shadow removal and augmentation through construction of an alpha overlay shadow model. Previously, an image was considered to consist of shadow and non-shadow regions. We construct a model that accounts for sunlit, umbra and penumbra regions. The model is based on theories about color constancy, daylight, and the geomet...

Introduction: Treatment with megavoltage electron beams is ideal for irradiating superficial tumors because of their limited range in tissues. However, for electron treatment of extended areas, such as the chest wall, two or more adjacent fields can be used. Abutment of these fields may lead to significant dose in homogeneities in the junction region. The aim of this study is to offer a new met...

The concept of the ischemic penumbra was formulated 30 years ago based on experiments in animal models showing functional impairment and electrophysiological disturbances with decreasing flow to the brain below defined values (the threshold for function) and irreversible tissue damage with the blood supply further decreased (the threshold for infarction). The perfusion range between these thres...

AIMS To precisely characterize the penumbra by MRI based on a modified photothrombotic stroke mouse model. METHODS The proximal middle cerebral artery was occluded by a convenient laser system in conjunction with an intravenous injection of Rose Bengal in mice. And the suture MCAO model was performed in seven mice as a comparison of the reproducibility. One hour after occlusion, the penumbra ...

Background The progression of FLAIR white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on MRI heralds vascular-mediated cognitive decline. Even before WMH progression, adjacent normal appearing (NAWM) already demonstrates microstructural deterioration diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We hypothesized that elevated DTI free water (FW) would precede implicating interstitial fluid accumulation as a key pathologic...

Dear Editor, Jung et al. [1] are to be congratulated on definitively demonstrating what could only be surmised in the past— that intraocular angiogenesis after central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) occurs in that small proportion of cases wherein retinal reperfusion fails to materialize [2,3]. However, your contributors appear to be unsure as to the mechanism whereby neovascularisation of the...

Existing endovascular options for lower extremity and visceral arterial thromboembolism face the challenges of limited trackability, vessel injury, and incomplete revascularization. At the forefront of advances in catheter materials and technology, Penumbra, Inc. recently introduced the IndigoTM System for mechanical thrombectomy in the periphery. The Indigo System is designed to address the li...

Aims. We investigate the dependence of penumbral microjets inclination on the position within penumbra. Methods. The high cadence observations taken on 10 November 2006 with the Hinode satellite through the Ca ii H and G–band filters were analysed to determine the inclination of penumbral microjets. The results were then compared with the inclination of the magnetic field determined through the...

Giant aneurysms have been treated with endovascular approaches like general, balloon-assisted and stent-assisted coiling, and flow diverter stent-assisted techniques. Few cases have been reported to be treated with both normal and large coils. Despite the mass effect, an adequate revascularization has been reported. An initial use of these coils is being reported in the current study. This is a...