The aim of this study was to develop novel transdermal films of ondansetron HCl with high molecular weight chitosan as matrix polymer and 2-(2-ethoxy-ethoxy) ethanol (Transcutol®) as plasticizer. In this context, firstly the physicochemical properties of gels used to formulate transdermal films were characterized and, physicochemical properties and bioadhesiveness of the transdermal films prepa...

The aim of the present work was to investigate the effects of different surfactants at various concentrations as a skin penetration enhancer through the biomembrane of the shed skin of Naja kaouthia. Additionally, the enhancer mechanism(s) of each class of surfactants were evaluated using physical characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflecta...

A novel arginine-rich chitosan (CS) derivates mimicked cell penetration peptides; N-Arginine chitosan (N-Arg-CS) was prepared by two reaction methods involving activated L-arginine and the amine group on the chitosan. FTIR spectra showed that arginine was chemically coupled with CS. Elemental analysis estimated that the degrees of substitution (DS) of arginine in CS were 6%, 31.3% and 61.5%, re...

PURPOSE Classic penetration enhancement/retardation methods for improved dermal drug delivery primarily focus on co-applied chemicals aided alterations in skin accumulation/permeation profile, and in many cases, this has been achieved by compromising the systemic absorption/toxicities of penetrant/enhancer/retarder. In this study, higher dermal accumulation without systemic absorption of ketoro...

We have previously identified (M. Wang et aL, OncoL Res., in press, 1998) an enhancer element [human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 enhancer-i (HTE)] for the human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 promoter that binds a novel zinc finger, cysteine-rich transcription factor (CRTF). In this study, we have used electrophoretic mobifity shift assays to examine the relative level of e...

Phenylethyl resorcinol (PR) is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor and cosmeceutical skin lightening agent. However, the application of PR limited by photoinstability poor solubility. In this study, we formulated optimized phenylethyl loaded nanoliposomes (PR-NLPs) to improve stability effective delivery PR. PR-NLPs were prepared ethanol injection method single factor experimental Box–Behnken design....

Enhancer-gene interactions drive split In many species across the animal kingdom, male and female phenotypes differ. One such example is wing spot seen in Drosophila biarmipes flies but not flies. Galouzis Prud'homme investigate X-linked yellow gene its enhancer. Investigating genetics of trait, they found evidence that male-specific phenotype caused by a trans interaction between enhancer sile...

In previous studies, it was established that chitosan and its quaternized derivatives are potent enhancers of hydrophilic compounds absorption across intestinal epithelia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the application of a new quaternized chitosan, triethyl chitosan (TEC), in pharmaceutical approaches. TEC was synthesized by a one step process via a 2(2) factorial design to optimize the...

Transdermal delivery of most drugs is precluded by the barrier characteristics of the stratum corneum (SC). Chemical penetration enhancers are capable of interacting with SC constituents, inducing a temporary reversible increase in the skin permeability. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of glycerol monooleate (GMO)/solvents systems on percutaneous absorption across hairless mous...