Background: The optimal treatment of major head injuries in the resuscitative phase of care post-injury has yet to be determined. This study measured the effect on mortality of pre-hospital intubation (PHI) vs. emergency department intubation (EDI) of patients suffering serious head injury. Methods: In the single emergency medical services system for this Canadian province, we used a population...

We have launched this special topic to focus on the critical relationships between physical forces, biomechanics, and biological responses in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding the precise connection between physical force(s) and biological response(s), the " physical to biological coupling " is essential for developing high fidelity models in experimental TBI, for designing better pro...

INTRODUCTION Previous work suggests that patients with isolated penetrating trauma rarely require spinal immobilisation. This study aimed to identify the incidence of mechanically unstable, or potentially mechanically unstable, spinal column injuries in penetrating trauma patients. The study also aimed to identify the incidence of spinal cord injury as a result of penetrating trauma in Scotland...

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is believed to cause more profound trauma-induced coagulopathy than other injuries of comparable severity. This has not been reported in a large series of combat casualties in which penetrating injuries predominate. METHODS Among US combat casualties severely injured in Iraq and Afghanistan who received transfused blood products, isolated TBI patients (...

introduction: in iran, thousands of young individuals become victims of head injury annually. head injury can damage neuronal cells which may in turn complicate the recovery of the patients. also, the increase of iron in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) following head injury may contribute to the hypoxic-ischemia brain damage by catalyzing the formation of free radicals (harber-weiss rection). the obj...

introduction the abducent nucleus is located in the upper part of the rhomboid fossa beneath the fourth ventricle in the caudal portion of the pons. the abducent nerve courses from its nucleus, to innervate the lateral rectus muscle. this nerve has the longest subarachnoid course of all the cranial nerves, it is the cranial nerve most vulnerable to trauma. it has been reported that 1% to 2.7% o...

An overview is presented of the multidisciplinary design, specific methods of motor and functional assessment, and selected preliminary data trends from the Vietnam Head Injury Study. This longitudinal study combines analyses of retrospective records with current, comprehensive inpatient examinations and investigates the anatomical and functional sequelae of penetrating head trauma in 700 Vietn...

About one million head injured patients attend accident and emergency departments each yearroughly 10% of all attenders.' Most are fully alert and orientated on presentation with no abnormal neurological signs and their injuries may therefore be classified as mild.2 However, some patients presenting in this way have sustained a skull fracture a major risk factor for extradural haematoma.3 Guide...

Though this paper is limited to lesions in the cerebral hemispheres after non-penetrating head injury, they are unlikely to be confined to the hemispheres, or to the brainstem for that matter. No attempt is made to deal with all the types of lesion which may occur, in particular those due to systemic factors, such. as fat embolism or anoxia and complications such as meningitis or epilepsy, are ...

BACKGROUND Traumatic intracranial aneurysms are rare conditions that can be a result of non-penetrating head trauma. We report the occurrence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with traumatic brain injury. METHODS All diagnostic cerebral angiograms performed in patients with traumatic brain injury at a level I trauma center from January 2006 to July 2007 were reviewed. RESULTS Diagnostic...