Recently several investigators reported on various devices of generating cold plasma jets at atmospheric pressure. A pulsed source developed and reported, the pencil, is one them. This device capable a plume centimeters in length using DC high voltage source. In this study, kHz alternative current (18 kV-15 kHz) was applied to electrodes similar electrode system pencil instead direct pulse 2-3 ...

Reproducible materials that have detection properties towards a certain molecule are very important for applications in the fabrication of devices. Among all substrates used, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite allows to clearly image monolayer. On other hand, cryptand molecules versatile because they can sense analytes with high selectivity. The electrode was first functionalized an aryl bearin...

Development of an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a human interleukine-2 (IL-2) gene probe, using a pencil graphite electrode (PGE) as transducer and methylene blue (MB) as electroactive label is described. The sensor relies on the immobilization of a 20-mer single stranded oligonucleotide probe (hIL-2) related to the IL-2 gene on the electrode. The hybridization between the probe and it...

In this work, preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) film and its recognition properties for sulfamethoxazolewere investigated. The overoxidized polypyrrole (OPPy) film was prepared by the cyclic voltammetric deposition of pyrrole (Py) in the presence of supporting electrolyte (tetrabutylammonium perchlorate-TBAP) with and without a template molecule (sulfamethoxazole) on a pencil...

Graphite or plumbago is a crystalline form of carbon which occurs in nature as soft black masses or, less commonly, as crystals in igneous rocks: this natural graphite contains varying proportions of other minerals. Graphite is also made artificially from coke, and the best preparations of this kind are nearly pure carbon. This paper will deal with some of the effects of natural graphite, and t...

Graphene-modified materials have captured increasing attention for energy applications due to their superior physical and chemical properties, which can significantly enhance the electricity generation performance of microbial fuel cells (MFC). In this review, several typical synthesis methods of graphene-modified electrodes, such as graphite oxide reduction methods, self-assembly methods, and ...

Thermocouples are a universal type of thermal sensors routinely used in different applications for the measurement and monitoring temperature. Traditionally, they constructed from two dissimilar conductors. In this work, single material thermocouples fabricated using graphite pencil traces patterned on cellulose paper. The magnitudes Seebeck coefficients grade pencils facilitate successful cons...