We consider the problem of choosing the ridge parameter. Two penalized maximum likelihood (PML) criteria based on a distribution-free and a datadependent penalty function are proposed. These PML criteria can be considered as “continuous” versions of AIC. A systematic simulation is conducted to compare the suggested criteria to several existing methods. The simulation results strongly support th...

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of x-ray radiation resulting from solar flares in high-frequency radio wave communications through ionosphere and blackout events that occur over Iraq, located within (38,28) latitude, (38,49) longitude. Using X-ray data during strong X absorption across D for 10 years 2012 2021. The concluded there were 43 x-flare, most which high activity. All ...

The distinction between the different causes of blackouts is an important and challenging clinical task. Given that treatment is very diagnosis-specific, therapeutic success depends entirely on the correct categorisation of the problem. However, despite impressive technological advances in brain imaging and improved access to tests such as video-EEG monitoring and tilt-table testing, the act of...

Power had not yet been fully restored following the recent blackout that some were already clamoring that increasing transmission capacity is the best way to avoid a repetition of these events. Others were laying the blame squarely on the deregulation of the electricity supply industry. Should the United States embark on a massive investment program? Should deregulation be abandoned on the grou...

In this paper, first the validity of 3-D DDA is examined by comparing its solution for dynamic block displacement with analytical solution. Displacement of a single block on an inclined plane subjected to a dynamic loading is studied for analytical solution with respect to the frictional resistance offered by the inclined slope. 3-D DDA predicts accurately the analytical displacements. The modi...

Lyapunov drift is a powerful tool for optimizing stochastic queueing networks subject to stability. However, the most convenient drift conditions often provide results in terms of a time average expectation, rather than a pure time average. This paper provides an extended drift-plus-penalty result that ensures stability with desired time averages with probability 1. The analysis uses the law of...

The work presented in this paper aims to show how modern wind turbines can help control the frequency a small grid which suffers from large power imbalances. It is shown for an exemplary situation, occurred Flensburg’s distribution 2019: major blackout, after almost two hours islanding operation, affecting entire grid, supplies approximately 55,000 households and businesses. For analysis, turbi...