A simple methodology for the decarbonylation of aldehydes catalysed by commercially available palladium on carbon in a green two-solvent system is reported. Various aromatic, aliphatic and heteroaromatic were transformed to corresponding decarbonylated products good yields. Product isolation from reaction mixture practice, catalyst can be reused three times.

Xestospongia sp. merupakan salah satu sponge dari kelas Demospongiae yang digunakkan sebagai bahan baku obat dapat dikembangkan satunya dengan metode SNEDDS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi dan karakteristik SNEDDS ekstrak etanol sp., Formulasi estrak menggunakan VCO fase minyak, Tween 80 surfaktan PEG 400 ko-surfaktan. Formula terbaik didapatkan adalah 8 komposisi yaitu 1 m...

etoposide, a widely used anticancer drug, exhibits low and variable oral bioavailability mainly because of being substrate for the efflux transporter, p-glycoprotein (p-gp). therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the effect of d-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (tpgs) and peg 400 as p-gp inhibitors on the intestinal absorption of etoposide. everted sacs of rat smal...

Elevated CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) alleviates the impact of drought stress on plants where abscisic acid (ABA) is involved. To explore mechanisms by which tomato respond to short-term osmotic stress, Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig (AC), a transgenic line overproducing ABA (sp5), and an ABA-deficient mutant (flacca) were hydroponically grown under ambient (400 ppm) e[CO2] (800 then expose...

The relative ability of cholinium-([Ch](+))-based salts, including ionic liquids (ILs), to form biocompatible aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) with polyethylene glycols (PEGs) was deeply scrutinized in this work. Aqueous solutions of low molecular weight PEG polymers (400, 600, and 1000 g mol(-1)) and [Ch](+) salts of chloride, acetate, bicarbonate, glycolate, lactate, dihydrogenphosphate, dihydr...

An efficient and expeditious catalyst-free procedure was developed for the one- pot synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives via the three-component reaction of various aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate in PEG-400. The reaction was carried out at 110°С and the products were obtained in good to high yields.

We describe a new "high-performance" liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for estimating polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) in urine. Direct injection of diluted urine samples onto the column eliminates the necessity for lengthy preparative steps, resulting in considerable saving of both time and chemicals. High analytical recoveries (94-102%) and a rapid rate of analysis are achieved. Results v...

The process of passive drug absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is still poorly understood and modelled. Additionally, rapidly evolving field pharmaceutics demands efficient, affordable reliable in vitro tools for predicting vivo performance. In this work, we combined established methods quantifying diffusivity (localized UV-spectroscopy) permeability (Permeapad® plate) order to gain a b...

An efficient and expeditious catalyst-free procedure was developed for the one- pot synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives via the three-component reaction of various aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate, and ammonium acetate in PEG-400. The reaction was carried out at 110°С and the products were obtained in good to high yields.