introduction: as the ability to repair cartilage tissue in body is limited, finding a suitable method for cartilage regeneration has gained the attention of many scholars. for this purpose, scaffold structure and morphology, along with cell culture on it, can be a novel method to treat cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis. methods: in this study, polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) is selected as the scaff...

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) engineering education is facing a decreasing interest by students. To deal with this issue, a need for shifting from traditional learning approaches to constructivist methods has been identified. Several pedagogical methodologies based on social and constructivist theories are being applied to engage students in ICT education. This paper presents a...

Microviruses (canonical members are bacteriophages phiX174, G4, and alpha3) are T=1 icosahedral virions with an assembly pathway mediated by two scaffolding proteins. The external scaffolding protein D plays a major role during morphogenesis, particularly in icosahedral shell formation. The results of previous studies, conducted with a cloned chimeric external scaffolding gene, suggest that the...

Computer-based scaffolding provides temporary support that enables students to participate in and become more proficient at complex skills like problem solving, argumentation, and evaluation. While meta-analyses have addressed between-subject differences on cognitive outcomes resulting from scaffolding, none has addressed within-subject gains. This leaves much quantitative scaffolding literatur...

Systems are an important part in today’s science education. Computer simulations have many advantages in teaching science systems. Our research goal is to test whether a hierarchical instructional scaffolding framework embedded in simulation-based learning environments and retrospective mental modeling task could facilitate mental model construction in learning science systems. This pilot study...

MOTIVATION Scaffolding is the process of ordering and orienting contigs produced during genome assembly. Accurate scaffolding is essential for finishing draft assemblies, as it facilitates the costly and laborious procedures needed to fill in the gaps between contigs. Conventional formulations of the scaffolding problem are intractable, and most scaffolding programs rely on heuristic or approxi...

This study reports on the differences in motivation, vocabulary gain, and perceptions on using or the Google Docs between individual and collaborative learning at a tertiary level. Two classes of English-as-a-Foreign Language (EFL) students were recruited and each class was randomly assigned into one of the two groups individuals or collaborators. The results of the study are in line with those...

Viral assembly is an ideal system in which to investigate the transient recognition and interplay between proteins. During morphogenesis, scaffolding proteins temporarily associate with structural proteins, stimulating conformational changes that promote assembly and inhibit off-pathway reactions. Microviridae morphogenesis is dependent on two scaffolding proteins, an internal and an external s...

Formation of many dsDNA viruses begins with the assembly of a procapsid, containing scaffolding proteins and a multisubunit portal but lacking DNA, which matures into an infectious virion. This process, conserved among dsDNA viruses such as herpes viruses and bacteriophages, is key to forming infectious virions. Bacteriophage P22 has served as a model system for this study in the past several d...

Effective design and improvement of scaffolding in complex and open-ended learning environments, requires the ability to assess the effectiveness of a variety of scaffolding options, not only in terms of overall performance and learning, but also in terms of more subtle effects on students’ behavior and understanding. In this paper, we present a novel data mining technique that aids the analysi...