INTRODUCTION During the last two decades changes in vehicle design and increase in the number of the light truck vehicles (LTVs) and vans have led to changes in pedestrian injury profile. Due to the dynamic nature of the pedestrian crashes biomechanical aspects of collisions can be better evaluated in field studies. DESIGN AND SETTING s: The Pedestrian Crash Data Study, conducted from 1994 to...

From a mobility perspective, walking is considered to be the most sustainable transport mode. One of the consequences of motor-oriented urban configuration on pedestrian mobility is urban fragmentation, which affects sustainability in cities. In this paper, we use a natural-based approach to landscape fragmentation and connectivity (inherited from landscape ecology) for pedestrian mobility plan...

Large environments that are designed for travel, leisure, and for everyday life – such as transport hubs, amusement parks, and shopping centers – feature different locations that are frequently visited by pedestrians. Each visit is evoked by one’s motivation to engage in some kind of activity at a certain location. By means of modeling the pedestrians’ interests in locations with the aid of com...

We study the possible racial bias of the police involved in NYPD’s “stop and frisk program.” A model is introduced to explore the identification of two distinct sources of bias: bias at the level of the police officer making the stop decisions, and bias at the level of the police chief allocating manpower across precincts. Previous research offered positive identification results regarding offi...

During the last two decades an economic boom has occurred in Taiwan, a region where the prevalence of both hepatitis A and B virus infection was formerly very high. To examine the impact of socioeconomic developments on the secular trend and geographical variation in hepatitis A and B virus infection, 875 adolescents selected randomly from 20 junior high schools were studied. Serum samples coll...

Pedestrians are among the most vulnerable road users. Speed of vehicles is considered as one of the major causes of danger for pedestrians crossing the street. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to devise suitable solutions to reduce speed of vehicles. One of these solutions is installation of Pedestrian Refuge Islands (PRI) in very wide midblocks. With regard to fluctuations in pedestrian a...

In this thesis, a novel Pedestrian Protection System (PPS), composed of the Pedestrian Detection System (PDS) and the Pedestrian Tracking System (PTS), was proposed. The PPS is a supplementary application for the Advanced Driver Assistance System, which is used to avoid collisions between vehicles and pedestrians. The Pedestrian Detection System (PDS) is used to detect pedestrians from near to ...

crashes, but subsequent studies extended the methodology to rural and freeway crashes (3). From this research evolved the basic pedestrian crash typology, which remains a cornerstone of much of NHTSA’s pedestrian safety activity, as well as that of FHWA. Crash types describe behaviorally similar precrash actions that lead to characteristic pedestrian–motor vehicle collisions. For example, precr...

CONTEXT Pedestrian and bicycle plans support community-level physical activity. In North Carolina, pedestrian/bicycle plans are becoming more prevalent. However, no studies have examined the spatial and temporal diffusion of pedestrian/bicycle plans. OBJECTIVES This study assessed (a) temporal trends associated with municipal pedestrian/bicycle planning from 1974 to 2011 and (b) spatial patte...

Christchurch City Council commissioned an investigation into ways of improving pedestrian level of service (LOS) at traffic signals in the central city. In 2009, Gehl Architects prepared a study entitled Public Space Public Life (2010) that considered how people use public spaces and streets in central Christchurch. This precedent study resulted in Christchurch City Council’s adoption of A City...