A total of 1,440 fertile eggs were divided randomly and equally into 5 treatment groups; control (no TM) 4 groups: TM1, TM2, TM3, TM4 that thermally subjected to 39°C for 18 h with 65% relative humidity daily, during embryonic days ED 7–11, 11–15, 15–18 7–18, respectively. Out TM conditions investigated, TM1 resulted in a significant improvement expression myogenic factor-5 (Myf5), myoblast det...

This paper describes an electroactive polymer robot with ray-like pectoral fins. Electroactive polymers are materials that change their geometry in response to electric field and can be used to replace electromechanical devices. The aim of this study is to show that these materials can be used to build more complicated devices and the behaviour of these devices can be coordinated to some extent...

This study investigated whether increases and decreases in pectoral muscle metabolism influence underwater endurance time and cardiovascular responses to head submersion in Pekin ducks. Muscle metabolic rate (anaerobic ATP synthesis) was estimated using 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and was manipulated by direct electrical stimulation and by pharmacological paralysis. These manipulations...

Introduction Axillary arch is an additional muscle bundle of various dimensions extending from latissimus dorsi in the posterior fold of the axilla, to the pectoralis major in the anterior fold, to the short head of the biceps brachii or to the coracoid process [1, 2]. Ramsay, in 1795, described the axillary arch for the first time. He gave the description of a muscle bundle connecting pectoral...

The sternalis muscle (SM) is an anatomical variant found in the anterior thoracic wall. While the attachment sites of SM are generally agreed upon, the innervation and function of this muscle are not well established. Cadaveric and surgical explorations to date report that SM is innervated by either the pectoral nerves or the anterior branches of the intercostal nerves, or a combination of both...

Previous works on breast tissue identification and abnormalities detection notice that the feature extraction process is affected if the region processed is not well focused. Thereby, it is important to split the mammogram into interesting regions to achieve optimal breast parenchyma measurements, breast registration or to put into focus a technique when we search for abnormalities. In this pap...

Résumé La tuberculose des parties molles représente l'une des formes rares de la tuberculose extra pulmonaire, la localisation musculaire isolée est parailleurs exceptionnelle. Nous rapportant une observation médicale originale, une tuberculose musculaire isolée intéressant le muscle grand pectoral chez un jeune patient immunocompétent. Le diagnostic a reposé essentiellement sur l'histologie. L...

bone, at the inner margin of the deltoid, and penetrated across for three inches into the pectoral muscle. The face was much scorched and loaded with powder. There was also a wound of an inch long beneath the right eye (which latter suffered much, from receiving a great portion of the fire), and another wound of three inches, over the right parietal bone. Though this man, when put on the table,...

We describe the case of a 55 year old female who presented with a mass in her right breast. Mammography confirmed a 2 x 2 cm lump, suspicious of malignancy. The lesion was widely resected. Histological examination revealed this to be a benign granular cell tumour.Granular cell tumour is a rare tumour that very occasionally presents within the breast. It is possibly of Schwann cell origin. Clini...