abstract background: transpupillary thermotherapy is a new treatment for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization which needs further evaluation. this study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of transpupillary thermotherapy on regression of occult subfoveal choroidal neovascularization with or without pigment epithelial detachment in patients with age-related macular degeneration. methods: in a c...

background: there is a growing demand for mass production of shikalkin (a natural pigment consisted of shikonin and alkannin) due to its increasing applications in cosmetics, pharmaceutical and nutrition industries. the root of iranian arnebia euchroma produces shikalkin. the promising capability of this plant for shikalkin production has already been demonstrated in cell culture studies. objec...

sodium bentonite can bind to dietary pigment and decreases yolk color scale. sodium bentonite is one of the main parts of formycine® gold, the effect of different levels of formycine® gold and dietary pigment on egg quality, egg yolk color and performance criteria of laying hens from 26 to 34 week of age were studied. one hundred ninety two hy-line hens were divided into 24 groups of 8 birds ea...

Sodium bentonite can bind to dietary pigment and decreases yolk color scale. Sodium bentonite is one of the main parts of Formycine® Gold, the effect of different levels of Formycine® Gold and dietary pigment on egg quality, egg yolk color and performance criteria of laying hens from 26 to 34 week of age were studied. One hundred ninety two Hy-Line hens were divided into 24 groups of 8 birds ea...

to belong to the graphical model. This direction was emphasized, for example, by Pearl (1988) and Geiger We formulate necessary and sufficient conditions for and Pearl (1993). Lauritzen (1996, Chapter 3) coman arbitrary discrete probability distribution to facpared these approaches and herein we extend his retor according to an undirected graphical model, or sults. a log-linear model, or other ...

Growth of the black-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingi, was studied for an Ž annual cycle, from March 1997 to April 1998, in the lagoon of Takapoto atoll Tuamotu . archipelago, French Polynesia . Growth in shell and in tissue were measured every 15 days on three successive age groups of cultivated pearl oysters. At the same time, hydrobiological Ž . parameters temperature, sa...

The Noisy-Or model is convenient for de­ scribing a class of uncertain relationships in Bayesian networks [Pearl 1988]. Pearl describes the Noisy-Or model for Boolean variables. Here we generalize the model to nary input and output variables and to ar­ bitrary functions other than the Boolean OR function. This generalization is a useful modeling aid for construction of Bayesian networks. We ill...

Assume that cause-effect relationships between variables can be described as a directed acyclic graph and the corresponding linear structural equation model.We consider the identification problem of total effects in the presence of latent variables and selection bias between a treatment variable and a response variable. Pearl and his colleagues provided the back door criterion, the front door c...

The stunt nematode, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, was found to cause a reduction in root volume (cm) of loblolly pine at population densities equivalent of 125 nematodes/100 cm (6 in) soil and greater. The results of a host range test conducted in containers under controlled conditions determined that buckwheat cultivar (Fagopryum esculentum ‘Mancan’), velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens), Kobe lespedeza ...