Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a modality of renal replacement therapy in which the high volumes of available PD effluent (PDE) represents a rich source of biomarkers for monitoring disease and therapy. Although this information could help guide the management of PD patients, little is known about the potential of PDE to define pathomechanism-associated molecular signatures in PD.We therefore subj...

Glycerol bioconversion to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) by Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) can be characterized by an intricate network of interactions among biochemical fluxes, metabolic compounds, key enzymes and genetic regulatory. To date, there still exist some uncertain factors in this complex network because of the limitation in biotechniques, especially inmeasuring techniques for intra...

A diaphragm-based interferometric fiber optical microelectromechanical system sensor with high sensitivity is designed and tested for on-line detection of the acoustic waves generated by partial discharges (PD) inside high-voltage power transformers. In principle, the sensor is made according to Fabry Perot interference, which is placed on a micro-machined rectangular silicon membrane as a pres...

Disrupted iron metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that severely affects movement and coordination, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unknown. To this end, we performed a transcriptomic meta-analysis of four blood microarrays in PD. We observed a significant downregulation of genes...

Using the methods described in the preceding paper (Levine et al., 1984) for measuring the magnitude of the water-permeable barriers in series with the luminal membrane, we correct measured values of Pd(w) in bladders stimulated with low doses of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or 8-bromo cyclic AMP to obtain their true values in the luminal membrane. Simultaneously, we also determine Pf. We thus ar...

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) /programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) engagement usually leads to diminished antitumor T-cell responses, which mediates the immune escape of tumor cells. However, little is known whether PD-1/PD-L1 could directly activates intracellular oncogenic signaling pathways in tumor cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether intracellular AKT/mTOR signaling could b...

Abstract Foxp3-expressing CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. They constitutively highly express immune checkpoint receptor CTLA-4, whose Treg-specific deficiency causes severe systemic autoimmunity. As a key mechanism Treg-mediated suppression, CTLA-4 downregulates expression CD80/CD86 costimulatory ligands on ant...

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is used in approximately 15% of dialysis patients worldwide. With the reduction of acute peritonitis, the major problem associated with PD is now the high incidence of ultrafiltration (UF) failure, which can affect up to 50% of PD patients treated for more than 6 years w1x. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that peritoneal permeability for small solute...

In plants, the intercellular communication through the membranous channels called plasmodesmata (PD; singular plasmodesma) plays pivotal roles in the orchestration of development, defence responses, and viral propagation. PD are dynamic structures embedded in the plant cell wall that are defined by specialized domains of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM). PD structure ...

An ordinary state-based peridynamic (PD) shell model with arbitrary horizon domains is presented. In computations of the PD parameters, removes complete assumption when treating surface effect. this study, membrane, bending, and transverse shear deformations in framework are taken into account. To examine fracture mechanics behavior, crack opening displacements strain energy densities, which co...