The heme biosynthesis pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a highly regulated system, but the mechanisms accounting for this regulation remain unknown. In an attempt to identify rate-limiting steps in heme synthesis, which may constitute potential regulatory points, we constructed yeast strains overproducing two enzymes of the pathway: the porphobilinogen synthase (PBG-S) and deamin...

We demonstrate effectively two-dimensional (2D) terahertz (THz) photonic bandgap (PBG) structures for transverse electromagnetic (TEM) mode propagation within metal parallel plate waveguides (PPWG). The 2D-PBG structures consisting of square arrays of dielectric cylinders were characterized by THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). THz photonic bandgaps were observed, as determined by the 160 ...

We introduce the concept of a hybrid 2D-3D photonic band gap (PBG) heterostructure which enables both complete control of spontaneous emission of light from atoms and planar light-wave propagation in engineered wavelength-scale microcircuits. Using three-dimensional (3D) light localization, this heterostructure enables flow of light without diffraction through micron-scale air waveguide network...

In 1983, Paneitz [23] introduced a conformally fourth order operator defined on 4-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. Branson [1] generalized the definition to n-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, n ≥ 5. Such operators have a geometrical meaning. While the conformal Laplacian is associated to the scalar curvature, the Paneitz-Branson operator is associated to a notion of Q-curvature. Possible refe...

Through an extensive series of high-precision numerical computations the optimal complete photonic band gap (PBG) as a function dielectric contrast $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ for variety crystal and disordered heterostructures, we reveal striking universal behaviors sensitivity $\mathcal{S}(\ensuremath{\alpha})\ensuremath{\equiv}d\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}(\ensuremath{\alpha})/d\ensuremath{\alpha}...

Usually blood glucose levels measured in the fasted status (fasting glucose) are lower than fed (postprandial glucose). However, postprandial (PBG) fasting (FBG) can be found some cases. This study aims to describe prevalence, clinical characteristics, and contributing risk factors for PBG ≤F BG. It’s a nationwide cohort [the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC1305700)] conducted China, ...

Using a new class of isotropic disordered photonic bandgap material, we demonstrate freeform photonics waveguides with arbitrary shapes and multi -channel frequency splitters with versatile tuning abilities, useful for signal processing and all-optical circu it applicat ions. ©2012 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: 130.5296, 130.7408, 160.5293, 160.5298 Inside photonic band gap (PBG) mater...

Transverse magnetic (TM) modes with phase velocities at or just below the speed of light, c, are intended to accelerate relativistic particles in hollow-core, photonic band gap (PBG) fibers. These are so-called "surface defect modes", being lattice modes perturbed by the defect to have their frequencies shifted into the band gap, and they can have any phase velocity. PBG fibers also support so-...