Two wet biomass gasification processes, supercritical water gasification and biomethanation, were evaluated from energy, environmental, and economic aspects. Gasification of 1 dry-t/d of water hyacinth was taken as a model case. Assumptions were made that system should be energetically independent, that no environmentally harmful material should be released, and that carbon dioxide should be re...

The paper describes the detailed techno-commercial analysis done on a 46 m2 solar air heating system developed in a food processing industry. The solar air heating system was connected to an indoor drier through a duct. A detailed performance analysis was undertaken on the system by loading with 75 kg of ripe mango flake. The product loaded was uniform in size having a thickness of 4mm. On a cl...

Three different fermentation processes for the production of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) were evaluated and compared in terms of economic aspects and environmental impact. The processes included: submerged fermentation of sucrose solution by Aspergillus japonicus using free cells or using the cells immobilized in corn cobs, and solid-state fermentation (SSF) using coffee silverskin as support ...

16 EC&M June 2003 I ndustrial and commercial customers constantly scrutinize their monthly electrical usage, looking for ways to save money. Installing power factor correction capacitors can reduce costly penalties imposed by the utility and help pay for the capacitors in a relatively short amount of time. The payback period can be as short as four to six months for capacitors installed on powe...

This paper highlights five areas where economic analysis of terrorism has had the greatest policy relevance during the last 30 years. These areas involve evaluating the effectiveness of counterterrorism actions, identifying the causes of terrorism, measuring the economic ramification of terrorism, analyzing the time-series dynamics of terrorist events, and formulating game-theoretic representat...

idealized requirements, alternative goal decompositions (sometimes) correspond to viable alternative designs, where selection has been made on the basis of assumptions. In these cases, we provide a different kind of payback to the designer: in return for that designer explicitly recording the idealized requirements, their subdivisions and underlying assumptions, we may generate run-time monitor...