BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet reactors that are used for drinking water disinfection need to be tested to ensure they are delivering the required doses and achieving the desired level of pathogen inactivation to protect public health. Testing methods can use biological, chemical, or particle surrogates, although not all approaches have been approved for reactor validation. The non-pathogenic bacterio...

Noroviruses (family Caliciviridae) are the primary cause of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. The virus is highly infectious and touching contaminated surfaces can contribute to infection spread. Although the virus was identified over 40 years ago the lack of methods to assess infectivity has hampered the study of the human pathogen. Recently the murine virus, MNV-1, has successfully been used a...

Metazoan transcription factors control distinct networks of genes in specific tissues, yet understanding how these networks are integrated into physiology, development, and homeostasis remains challenging. Inactivation of the nuclear hormone receptor nhr-25 ameliorates developmental and metabolic phenotypes associated with loss of function of an acyl-CoA synthetase gene, acs-3. ACS-3 activity p...

X inactivation studies have been carried out on 22 pairs of female monozygotic twins, one set of female monozygotic triplets, and their mothers and singleton sisters, using the probe M27 beta. Forty-eight per cent of the twins, 55% of their mothers, and 42% of their singleton sisters showed skewed X inactivation. Two of the triplets and their mother had random X inactivation, while the third tr...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect ultrasound and/or organic acids against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on microplates. In inactivation trials, pathogen formed microplates were exposed 2% acid (acetic, citric, malic lactic acid) for 10, 30 60 minutes. Biofilm detachment treatment with US was tested by microplate method based measuring optical density....

Fresh produce remains the leading cause of foodborne illness outbreaks. Novel nonthermal technologies are needed to reduce risk pathogen contamination. The objective this study was develop a novel intervention technology exploiting integration high intensity short time (10 s) pulsed light (PL) and aerosolized formic acid (AFA) for inactivation Salmonella maintenance quality cherry tomato. Smoot...

High pressure processing (HPP) is one of the most successful nonthermal technique adopted by meat industry. Raw beef and poultry commercially produced using HPP are processed at intense levels for microbiological safety purposes, which, however, have been associated with impact on quality attributes, e.g., texture, appearance/color, oxidation proteins lipids. Research over last decade has shown...

in this study the effects of fe2o3 and fe3o4 magnetic nanoparticles and edta on urease activity was investigated. the effect of nano-fe2o3 and nano-fe3o4 on urease activity were investigated. urease activity was studies by uv-vis spectrophotometry at 40 °c at ph = 7.2 using sodium phosphate as buffer. measurements were carried out using 0.075 mg/ml of urease and a range of nano-fe2o3 and nano-f...

lysozyme is considered as part of the innate immune system. it has stimulated considerable interest as a natural food preservative. lysozyme has been shown to be effective in preserving a variety of foods such as fresh fruits and vegetables, meats, seafood and wine, for which many japanese patents have been granted. the relatively high thermal stability of lysozyme also makes it attractive for ...

The third X-inactivation meeting 'Fifty years of X-inactivation research', which celebrated the fiftieth anniversary of Mary Lyon's formulation of the X-inactivation hypothesis, was an EMBO workshop held in Oxford, UK, in July 2011. This conference brought together the usual suspects from the field, as well as younger researchers, to discuss recent advances in X-inactivation research. Here, we ...