Animals foraging in patchy, non-renewing or slowly renewing environments must make decisions about how long to remain within a patch. Organisms can use heuristics ('rules of thumb') based on available information to decide when to leave the patch. Here, we investigated proximate patch-departure heuristics in two species of giant, brainless amoeba: the slime moulds Didymium bahiense and Physarum...

article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving. 2 24 Summary 25 1. Many rangelands evolved under an interactive disturbance regime in which grazers 26 respond to the spatial pattern of fire and create a patchy, heterogeneous landscape. 27 Spatially heterogeneous fire and grazing create heterogeneity in vegetation structure at 28 ...

Females of the larval parasitoid of Drosophila, Asobara citri, from sub-Saharan Africa, defend patches with hosts by fighting and chasing conspecific females upon encounter. Females of the closely related, palearctic species Asobara tabida do not defend patches and often search simultaneously in the same patch. The effect of patch defence by A. citri females on their distribution in a multi-pat...

Many habitat fragmentation experiments make the prediction that animal population density will be positively related to fragment, or patch, size. The mechanism that is supposed to result in this prediction is unclear, but several recent reviews have demonstrated that population density often is negatively related to patch size. Immigration behavior is likely to have an important effect on popul...

We observed that presenting a low-contrast Gabor patch (2 cpd, 5 degrees eccentricity, contrast=4%) for 8 s and then flashing a 20-30 ms high-contrast patch over it could elicit the perceptual disappearance of a subsequent low-contrast stimulus, whereas neither low-contrast adaptation nor high-contrast flash alone had any considerable effect (p<0.00001). In other experiments we found (a) suppre...

BACKGROUND The 5% Lidocaine patch is used for treating chronic neuropathic pain conditions such as chronic back pain (CBP), diabetic neuropathy and complex regional pain syndrome, but is effective in a variable proportion of patients. Our lab has reported that this treatment reduces CBP intensity and associated brain activations when tested in an open labelled preliminary study. Notably, effect...

Patch-based denoising techniques have proved to be very efficient. Indeed, they account for the correlations that exist among the patches of natural images, even when degraded by noise. In this context, we propose a denoising method which tries to minimize over-smoothing of textured areas (an effect observed with NLmeans), to avoid staircase effects in monotonically varying areas (an effect obs...

To estimate the frequency of adverse effects associated with the use of the transdermal nicotine patch, we abstracted and analysed data from 47 reports of 35 clinical trials. The meta-analysis presented here represents a synthesis of data from 41 groups of nicotine patch recipients totalling 5501 patients, and 33 groups of placebo recipients totalling 3752 patients. Smoking abstinence was the p...

A single feed compact microstrip antenna is proposed in this paper. L slit is introduced on the right edge of the patch to study the effect of the slit on radiation behavior with respect to a conventional microstrip patch. The resonant frequencies are obtained at 1.85, 2.4, 3.44 &4.31 GHz with corresponding bandwidth 10 MHz, 15.13 MHz, 35.19 MHz, 56.13 MHz and return loss of about -29.58, -14.5...

An isolation enhanced dual polarized microstrip patch antenna has been designed for Sband Synthetic Aperture Radar. This antenna operates at 3.125 GHz with operating bandwidth of 150 MHz or 4.8%. The electromagnetic power is coupled from the feed line to radiating patch through proximity coupling feeding technique for better bandwidth achievement. A centre groundshorted microstrip line is creat...